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Vocabulary
Minerals
Three Kinds of Rock
Soil
Labs/Things you can actively do
100
A naturally occurring, solid combination of one or more minerals or organic matter
What is a rock?
100
Minerals make up _______________.
What are rocks?
100
igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
What are the three kinds of rocks?
100
The top of the soil profile, decomposers live in this area, has the most decayed organic matter, the most developed layer of the soil profile
What is the A Horizon?
100
An instrument used to get a closer look at a mineral or rock sample
What is a hand lens? Magnifying glass?
200
A series of geologic processes in which rock can form, change from one type to another, be destroyed, and form again
What is the rock cycle?
200
A scale that goes from 1 to 10 used to help identify minerals
What is the Mohs Hardness Scale?
200
Layers of sediment become compressed over time to form rock
What are sedimentary rocks?
200
The least developed layer of the soil profile, contains the largest rock fragments and has no organic matter
What is the C Horizon?
200
You can measure the amount of mass a mineral sample has, then measure the volume of a mineral sample by water displacement, then calculate mass/volume
What is density of a mineral? What is a way to identify a mineral sample?
300
A physical property used to describe how the surface of a mineral reflects light
What is luster?
300
Scratching a mineral against a porcelain tile
What is a streak test?
300
The physical change that takes place when an igneous rock turns into sediments
What is weathering?
300
Not as developed as the A Horizon and has less humus, leached material in this layer give it a reddish or brownish color
What is the B Horizon?
300
Turning a mineral back and forth in your hand so it catches the light
What is the luster of a mineral?
400
A natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition and an orderly internal structure
What is a mineral?
400
Color, hardness, luster, streak, cleavage/fracture
What are properties used for mineral identification?
400
The type of rock that forms deep below the surface and is subjected to pressure that causes the rock to realign in parallel bands
What is a foliated metamorphic rock?
400
Texture, color, chemistry, pore space, and fertility
What are some of the properties of soil?
400
Scratching mineral samples against each other for identification
What is Mohs scale of hardness? What is the property of hardness?
500
The dark, organic-rich material formed as a top layer in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals
What is humus?
500
Has a definite chemical composition, formed in nature, and solid
What is the definition of a mineral?
500
Describes the size, shape, and position of the grains that make up the rock
What is texture of a rock?
500
Rock weathers and breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces, pieces of rock mix with organic matter, takes a long time, humus forms on top layer with nutrients that plants need to grow
How does soil form?
500
Breaking a mineral and it doesn't break the same way each time with no pattern to it
What is fracture?