INTRODUCTION & CONCLUSION
Borrowed from historian Bell I. Wiley's seminal work, this is the common two-word nickname used to describe the typical Union infantryman of the Civil War
Who is "Billy Yank"?
According to the text, this domestic unit served as the "basic building block" of the mid-nineteenth-century organic community.
What is the family?
For young men aligned with the Republican party, like those in the Dooley family, this key ideological concept was fostered by a systematic adherence to moral absolutes and the development of self-control
What is character?
During the Civil War, most lower military officers were neighbors who attained their rank through this democratic method as a sign of respect for their character and community standing
What is an election?
Reflecting the impersonal, assembly-line nature of the World War II military, this famous acronym stands for "government issue".
What is G.I.?
Because World War II soldiers were placed in units filled with strangers from all over the country, the military drilled them in this two-word concept to substitute for organic community ties and bond squad members together like brothers
What is "unit cohesion"?
Within the organic community, adult males acted as their family's representatives by serving in these three specific roles: politician, soldier, and this law-enforcing position
What is a policeman?
Democratic ideology revolved around the concepts of self-interest and this defining trait, which was seen as the necessary capacity to use violence to protect one's own liberty
What is will?
According to historian John Higham, the rise of "technical unity" transformed the "autonomous" American of the nineteenth century into this type of individual, acting as a specialized "cog in the machine"
What is a "participant"?
Demonstrating the intense, overt patriotism of the Civil War, these specific soldiers proudly carried the regimental flag into battle, even though it made them prime targets for the enemy
What are color bearers?
According to John Higham's overview of American social structure, this term describes the twentieth-century social organization that replaced the "primordial" and "ideological" ties of the mid-nineteenth century
What is "technical unity"?
Though it became the defining ideology for American males by the Civil War, the central concept of "republicanism" actually originated in this country
What is England?
While Republican courage on the battlefield was typically described as "phlegmatic," the courage of soldiers aligned with the Democratic party was more prone to be this
What is emotional?
While in 1850 it was widely blamed on poor individual character, by 1930 many Americans had come to view this social problem as the result of uncontrollable economic conditions and governmental policies
What is poverty?
The social scientists who authored this multi-volume sociological study contended that by World War II, the nation merely depended on a soldier to do his assigned task, viewing him as a "cog" in an impersonal machine rather than an autonomous citizen
What is The American Soldier?
Unlike "G.I. Joe" who functioned merely as a "participant" in a bureaucratic society, "Billy Yank" felt personally responsible for his local and national community because he viewed himself as this kind of "owner" of the republic
What is a "proprietor"?
This Vermont Private wrote that a soldier has a "poor support" in his hour of trial unless he relies on "patriotism of the most exalted kind"
Who is Wilbur Fisk?
Departing soldiers often pledged dramatically to defend the nation and the honor of their local community during ceremonies where local women presented them with one of these handmade items
What is a flag?
Historian Paula Fass argued that the 1920s youth culture taught young people to value this state of flexible beliefs, which perfectly prepared them to conform to fads and, later in life, changing corporate policies
What is "plasticity"?
Despite being America's most decorated World War II soldier, his memoir contains no stirring patriotic passages, instead claiming that "monotony often achieves more than either pleading or patriotism"
Who is Audie Murphy?
Because concepts like liberty and patriotism are "malleable and change over time," historian Thomas E. Rodgers explicitly warns against applying sociological findings from soldiers of this 20th-century conflict to analyze the motivations of Civil War combatants
What is World War II?
Historian Thomas E. Rodgers refutes this specific historian's theory that a single "national American ideology" existed, arguing instead that local communities adapted national politics to fit their own distinct cultural values
Who is John Higham?
When rumors circulated during an 1863 gubernatorial election that Clement Vallandigham might be prevented from assuming office, this Indiana Congressman called on Democrats to "rally with arms in their hands" against perceived oppression
Who is Daniel W. Voorhees?
Robert and Helen Lynd's famous sociological study of this specific Indiana city (dubbed "Middletown") documented the dramatic transition of teenagers from organic community relationships into an emerging, conformist youth culture
What is Muncie, Indiana?
To argue that WWII soldiers possessed an underlying patriotism despite their cynical rhetoric, historian Peter S. Kindsvatter compared their reliable performance to the breakdown of troop motivation in this later conflict following the 1968 Tet Offensive
What is the Vietnam War?