Geography
This city on the Italian peninsula was the capital and heart of the Roman Empire.
What is Rome?
This word describes a government in which citizens vote directly on laws — the way Athens governed itself.
What is democracy?
This group held most of the political power and wealth in the Roman Republic and controlled the Senate.
Who are the Patricians?
Rome went to war with Carthage this many times.
What is three?
This tool involved Rome spreading its language, laws, and customs to create a shared identity across conquered peoples.
What is Romanization?
Rome was built on seven hills and set back from the Mediterranean Sea. This is the strategic advantage that geography gave Rome.
What is natural defense / protection from invasion?
This word describes a government in which citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf — the way Rome governed itself.
What is a republic?
This group made up the majority of Roman citizens — they could vote but had far less power than the ruling class.
Who are the Plebeians?
This was Rome’s primary reason for going to war with Carthage.
What is land for agriculture?
Rome gave conquered peoples free grain and organized gladiator fights and chariot races as part of this tool — sometimes called “bread and circuses.”
What is Public Order?
This island located between Italy and North Africa changed hands during the Punic Wars and appears on the map.
What is Sicily?
This is the term for the responsibility citizens have to participate in government through voting, military service, and holding office.
What is civic duty?
These people were considered property in Rome — they had no legal rights and worked in mines, farms, and households.
Who are enslaved people?
This Carthaginian general famously crossed the Alps with war elephants to attack Rome from the north.
Who is Hannibal?
Rome’s army built 80,000 miles of these, which moved troops, tax revenue, and trade goods across the empire.
What are roads? (Military Power)
Hannibal crossed this mountain range on his famous march into Italy with war elephants.
What are the Alps?
In Rome, civic duty and political participation were determined by this — not by merit or achievement.
What is social class?
Women in Rome could not do these two things, no matter their wealth or social standing.
What are vote and hold political office?
This is the year the Third Punic War ended — and Carthage was completely destroyed.
What is 146 BCE?
This tool allowed conquered peoples to keep their own kings and local laws — not out of generosity, but as a deliberate strategy.
What is Political Flexibility?
This peninsula on the far western edge of the map was contested during the Punic Wars and is home to modern-day Spain and Portugal.
What is the Iberian Peninsula?
This term describes the deliberate attempt to destroy an entire group of people permanently — what historians now call Rome’s destruction of Carthage.
What is genocide?
These foreigners living in Rome could trade and run businesses but could not vote or hold office — they lacked this.
What is citizenship?
Many historians today use this word to describe Rome’s destruction of Carthage because Rome’s intention was to permanently wipe out the Carthaginian people.
What is genocide?
Rome extracted wealth from conquered lands but gave just enough back — free grain, markets, stable currency — to keep the population loyal. This is the name of that tool.
What is Economic Growth?