Geography
This peninsula was the homeland of the Roman people. It's central location and fertile soil helped the city of Rome to grow and flourish.
Italy (The Italian Peninsula)
The two classes of Roman Society. The conflict between these people would eventually result in the collapse of the Republic.
Patricians and Plebeians.
This system of government allows people to vote for their own representatives.
Republic
This term refers to an armed conflict among people of the same nation
Civil War
This term means "Roman Peace", and was a 200 year period of prosperity and stability for the Roman Empire.
The Pax Romana
This sea connected the regions of the Roman Empire to one another and allowed trade to flourish.
This man was highly popular among the poor people of Rome for his radical land reforms. His actions led to the Roman senate assassinating him on the Ides of March.
Julius Caesar
This body of lawmakers consisted of wealthy Romans who were responsible for creating the laws of the Republic (The USA also has one).
The Senate
This was the basic unit of the Roman Army, consisting of citizen-soldiers.
Legions
Augustus' family, who formed the first dynasty of Emperors in Roman history.
The Julio-Claudians
This mountain range protected Italy's northern border from barbarian invasions. Hannibal crossed it during the Second Punic War.
The Alpine Mountains (The Alps)
Julius Caesar's heir and nephew. He would go on to become the first Emperor of Rome. He has a month named after him.
Octavian (Augustus)
This office was a temporary position in which one man was given total power over the Republic.
Dictator
This series of wars led to Roman domination of the Mediterranean. The City of Carthage was completely annhilated as a result.
The Punic Wars
This Emperor of Rome is widely considered to be one of the worst Emperors. He prosecuted Christians, tortured senators, and had his own mother executed.
Nero
This region of the empire provided the city of Rome with large amounts of grain and food.
North Africa
These brothers attempted to reform the laws of the Republic in order to distribute land to the poor. Both of them were brutally assassinated.
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchi (The Gracchi Brothers)
This office consisted of two co-equal men who held executive power in the Republic. They had control over the military and could veto one another's decisions.
Consuls
This man terrorized Rome during the Second Punic by leading an army, which included Elephants, over the Alps and into Italy.
Hannibal
This group of Emperors are known for their good government and wise decision-making.
The Five Good Emperors
This river flows through Rome and connects it to the Mediterranean Sea. Tiberius Gracchi's body was dumped into this river.
The Tiber River.
This civilization was located north of Rome. They taught the Romans engineering, wine-making, iron-smelting, and influenced their religion.
The Etruscans
This term refers to an alliance of three powerful politicians. There were two of these in Roman history.
A Triumvirate.
Octavian's victory against Mark Antony and Cleopatra in this battle marks the beginning of the Roman Empire.
The Battle of Actium
This Roman Emperor changed the Empire's focus from expansion to defense and built a series of walls and forts to defend the Empire. He has a wall named after him in The United Kingdom.
Hadrian