General Info
Two major inspirations for music in Romantic era
Love & nature
This French composer wrote the Symphonie Fantastique, the first program symphony
Hector Berlioz
This Russian composer was known for his ballets such as Nutcracker & Swan Lake
Tchaikovsky
Expressing pride for one's country by composing music that uses folk origins
Nationalism
This was a new genre in the Romantic era: poetry set to music for solo singer & piano
Art Song / Lieder
The Romantic era was during these years
1820-1900
This German-born composer had a long career as concert pianist and was married to another well-respected musician
Clara Schumann
This Italian composer had 26 well-known bel canto operas such as La Traviata, Rigoletto, & Aida
The opposite of strophic, where the melody does NOT repeat, but continuously changes with new text
Through-composed
This genre reached its peak/golden era in Italy during the Romantic period
What is (bel canto) opera
Name one change to the orchestra in the Romantic period
new instruments
technological advances to existing instruments
bigger orchestras
role of conductor as interpreter
This virtuoso pianist standardized the conventions of the modern piano recital & is credited with inventing the tone poem
Franz Liszt
This German composer called his operas music dramas; they were significantly different from Italian operas
Richard Wagner
Music that tells a story
Program Music
A multi-movement work for orchestra that attempts to tell a story
Program Symphony
Chopin, Liszt, Schubert, & Schumann are all remembered for this type of music
piano
Though he performed & taught piano in Paris, he was born in Poland. He wrote almost exclusively for piano.
Frederich Chopin
The nickname for the five Russian nationalist composers: Borodin, Cui, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, & Balakirev
The Mighty Handful
The name for a social gathering of musician friends who shared art songs, literature, etc. Originally in Vienna
Schubertiade
Usually for piano, this short piece would depict a single mood and not have to follow a formal structure like rondo or sonata-allegro
Character piece
Wagner, Verdi, Puccini, & Brahms are all remembered for this type of music
opera
This Bohemian-born musician had a career as a conductor in Vienna & New York City and is best remembered for his orchestral works
Gustav Mahler
This French composer is best remembered for his realistic opera, Carmen, which uses the influence of Spanish music
Georges Bizet
The term for "universal artwork"-- coined by Wagner to describe how all elements of opera were of equal importance
Gesamtkunstwerk
This new Romantic genre was a single movement for orchestra
Tone Poem