Rise of the Republic
They were the first rulers of early Rome before the Republic was officially established.
Who were the Etruscans?
This specific issue or event first sparked the devastating wars between Rome and Carthage.
What was the conflict over control of Sicily?
This is the most common way for an individual to become enslaved within the Roman Empire.
What is being captured in war?
This group of people was entirely responsible for setting up the Roman Republic in the first place.
Who were the patricians?
This durable material was mixed with stone and sand by Romans to build their massive arches and vaults.
What is concrete?
This specific, wealthy social group was whom the term "patricians" referred to in the early Republic.
Who were the upper-class landowners/nobles?
This Carthaginian general managed to completely surprise the Romans by marching his army and elephants across the Alps.
Who was Hannibal?
This central area in ancient Rome was where a visitor would expect to see markets, temples, and government buildings.
What was the Forum?
This was a major result of the famous "Conflict of the Orders" between the Roman social classes.
What is the plebeians gaining political equality and written laws (The Twelve Tables)?
Italian, French, and Spanish are examples of modern languages that originally developed from this Roman language.
What is Latin?
This is the specific reason why the plebeians were originally unhappy when the Republic was first set up.
What is because they had no say in the government / patricians held all the power?
This catastrophic event happened to the city of Rome in 390 B.C.E. that almost completely destroyed it.
What was being attacked and burned by the Gauls?
This is where the poor people of Rome typically had to get their daily food.
What were fast-food places (thermopolia) or government grain handouts?
Directing the army and running the daily affairs of the government was a major responsibility of these two elected Roman officials.
Who were the consuls?
This specific type of carved Roman art—often featuring a raised profile image—was frequently worn as jewelry.
What is a cameo?
This famous dictator became a hero of the Republic by successfully defending Rome and immediately giving up his power to return to his farm.
Who was Cincinnatus?
While the Western Empire collapsed, this is what happened to the eastern half of the Roman Empire.
What is it survived and became the Byzantine Empire?
This is the reason why the home of a wealthy Roman was much less likely to burn down than a poor person’s home.
What is because wealthy homes were built of stone/brick rather than highly flammable wood insulae (apartments)?
Roman emperors routinely provided these two things—known by a famous phrase—to keep poor citizens from rebelling.
What are "bread and circuses"?
This major geographical issue made the Roman Empire physically difficult for its leaders to defend.
What is its massive size and long borders?
This was the only legal way a Roman citizen could ever become a tribune.
What is by being a plebeian?
If a conquered city became an ally of Rome, this was considered one of the major disadvantages for that city.
What is having to pay taxes and provide soldiers to Rome (without getting full citizenship rights)?
This person or group was ultimately responsible for making the final decisions during Roman court trials
Who was the judge (or the praetor/jury)?
This specific group in the Roman government was described as holding power for life and acting as judges.
Who was the Senate?
This significant event happened in 476 C.E., a date that historians often use to mark the official "fall" of Rome.
What is the overthrow of the last Western Roman Emperor (Romulus Augustulus) by a Germanic tribal leader?