Anatomic Landmarks & Nerve Blocks
This nerve is targeted in a popliteal fossa block and provides motor and sensory innervation to the distal lower leg.
What is the sciatic nerve?
This induction agent causes adrenal suppression by inhibiting 11-β-hydroxylase.
What is etomidate?
This ion is primarily responsible for the resting membrane potential of most excitable cells.
What is potassium (K⁺)?
This MAC value represents the minimum alveolar concentration at which 50% of patients will not move in response to surgical stimulus.
What is 1.0 MAC?
This condition is characterized by a rise in end-tidal CO₂, tachycardia, and masseter rigidity.
What is malignant hyperthermia?
The saphenous nerve is a branch of this larger nerve.
What is the femoral nerve?
This drug is a selective α-2 agonist used for sedation without respiratory depression.
What is dexmedetomidine?
Opening of these channels is responsible for the rapid depolarization (Phase 0) of a cardiac myocyte action potential.
What are sodium (Na⁺) channels?
This inhaled agent has the lowest blood-gas partition coefficient, resulting in the fastest induction.
What is desflurane?
This type of embolism is a known risk during orthopedic cemented joint replacements.
What is a fat embolism (or bone cement implantation syndrome)?
In a supraclavicular block, accidental needle placement into this structure can cause a pneumothorax.
What is the pleura or the apex of the lung?
This agent is contraindicated in patients with acute porphyria.
What is thiopental (or barbiturates in general)?
This ion’s extracellular concentration directly affects cardiac excitability and the risk for arrhythmias.
What is potassium (K⁺)?
Factors such as age, hypothermia, and acute alcohol intoxication have this effect on MAC.
What is they decrease MAC?
During spinal anesthesia, this life-threatening complication is suggested by sudden apnea, hypotension, and loss of consciousness.
What is a high spinal block (or total spinal)?
The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block deposits local anesthetic between these two muscle layers.
What are the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles?
This muscle relaxant is eliminated by Hoffman degradation, independent of organ function.
What is cisatracurium?
Calcium-induced calcium release in cardiac muscle occurs via these intracellular receptors on the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
What are ryanodine receptors?
This volatile agent can trigger sympathetic activation if delivered too rapidly.
What is desflurane?
This is the first-line agent to treat local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST).
What is intralipid (20% lipid emulsion)?
The stellate ganglion block targets sympathetic fibers originating from this spinal level range.
What are C6–T1?
This synthetic opioid is known for rapid redistribution and requires context-sensitive awareness for infusion durations.
What is remifentanil?
In depolarizing neuromuscular blockade, this electrolyte imbalance is most dangerous due to upregulation of extrajunctional ACh receptors.
What is hyperkalemia?
In terms of MAC-awake, most inhaled agents allow return of consciousness at approximately this percentage of 1.0 MAC.
What is 0.3–0.4 MAC?
This nerve is most at risk for injury in the lithotomy position and may present as foot drop post-op.
What is the common peroneal nerve?