Mitosis
If 2n = 12. How many chromosomes would a cell have at the end of the cell cycle and mitosis?
12
Portion of the cell cycle where a cell plate is formed in plant cells.
What is cytokinesis
These are proteins that build up during interphase and are the signal for cells to enter the M phase.
What are cyclins
How mitosis in flowering plants is similar to mitosis in animal cells.
What is that each daughter cell has an identical copy of the parent cell.
(or any other acceptable answer)
A human cell in prophase of mitosis can be distinguished from a human cell in prophase I of meiosis how?
What is seeing paired homologous chromosomes crossing over in prophase I.
What are the four phases of the cell cycle
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
During the cell cycle, replication of the genetic material takes place during which stage?
S stage/phase
What does MPF stand for?
Maturation promoting factor
This is what happens when an embryo splits and each portion continues to develop.
What is how identical twins are made
What separates in Meiosis I vs Meiosis II?
Meiosis I - homologous pairs of chromosomes
Meiosis II - chromosomes separate
You are observing cells that are undergoing mitosis and notice that, in one cell, sister chromatids are being separated by spindle fibers. What happens in the next phase in the cell cycle?
Nuclear membrane will start to form and spindle fibers will be broken down.
The majority of cells in a mature plant or animal cell are not actively dividing. What stages are most of them arrested in? Specifically, which phase of interphase?
Interphase; G1
What does the term density dependent inhibition mean for cell division?
Cells will grow and divide to replace old/missing cells, but only until they touch other cells.
What do you call cell division in prokaryotic cells?
Binary Fission
What is another name for a sex cell or gamete?
Germ cell
How would you expect mitosis to differ in skin cells, liver cells and nerve cells?
Skin cells are constantly dividing, liver cells only divide when they need to and nerve cells never divide.
Where are the three checkpoints in the cell cycle?
What is the G1, G2 and Metaphase of mitosis.
What does the p53 gene have to do with cancer?
It is a tumor-suppressor protein. It recognizes DNA damage and can repair it. If it is inactivated, it can cause cancer
Chromosomes, chromatin, sister chromatid and centromeres.
Explain three ways that meiosis and mitosis are different.
Meiosis is two cell divisions; mitosis is one
Meiosis makes 4 daughter cells; mitosis makes 2
Meiosis makes genetically different cells; mitosis makes genetically identical cells.
Two students debate about proteins that regulate the cell cycle. One argues that MPF triggers the production of cyclin while the other argues that cycling triggers the production of MPF. Who is correct and why?
MPF is what is produced when cyclin and CDK bind together. So Cyclin triggers the production of MPF.
Differentiate between cell division, cell differentiation and apoptosis.
cell division is when cells divide to make new cells. Cell differentiation is when cells mature into specific cells/tissues.
Apoptosis is programmed cell death.
Explain the relationship between Cyclin, CDK and MPF and what each is.
Cyclin is the protein that builds up during the cell cycle. When there is enough of it, it binds to cyclin-dependent kinase which together, create MPF. It is the maturation promoting factor (or mitosis promoting factor) that tells the cell to go into mitosis.
You observe cells from an onion root tip under a microscope and obtained the following counts.
Interphase = 315
Prophase = 35
Metaphase = 6
Anaphase = 1
Telophase = 8
Total = 365
Estimate the time spent in prophase in minutes.
138
What are the three ways that genetic variation occur in sexual reproduction?
What are crossing over, independent assortment and random fertilization.