Things I should know as a U.S. citizen
This document announced the colonies' freedom from British rule and set forth the founding principles of the U.S.A. including: "All men are created equal", unalienable rights; government derives its power from the consent of the governed.
Declaration of Independence
Policies that included the stationing federal troops in the region (West), attempts at forced assimilation, and the destruction of what animal, was meant to help drive American Indians from tribal lands to reservations.
Buffaloe
Leaders of which type of organizations gained support of the populous by making improvements to urban infrastructure, providing jobs to immigrants and the poor, and giving favors to local businessmen.
Political Machines
This term refers to a situation where one company or entity has complete control over the supply of a particular product or service, allowing it to dominate the market and eliminate competition.
Monopoly (Trust)
This 1882 legislation barred a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States, marking one of the first major restrictions on immigration based on nationality.
Chinese Exclusion Act
Considered the highest law in the land, it provides a framework for the organization of the government and defines the responsibilities of: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of government.
U.S. Constitution
In the late 19th century, this event sparked a frenzied rush of prospectors to the Yukon region in Canada in search of gold.
Klondike Gold Rush
The most prominent political machine was Tammany Hall in New York City, and it was led by who?
William "Boss" Tweed
This individual takes risks to start and operate a business, often innovating new products or services and creating jobs in the process.
Entrepreneur
This term describes the process of assimilating immigrants into American culture, often involving language instruction, cultural education, and adoption of American customs and values.
Americanization
The first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution
Bill of Rights
This 1862 law offered 160 acres of free land to settlers willing to farm it for five years, encouraging westward expansion in the United States.
Homestead Act
The assassination of President Garfield in 1881 was the event that initiated the attempted ending of the practice of "patronage" and instituted an exam system for government jobs. What legislation was intended to do this?
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
a powerful industrialist in the Gilded Age whose companies manufactured steel and built railroads; authored “The Gospel of Wealth” article which promoted philanthropic actions such as the building of libraries and schools
Andrew Carnegie
What invention, and its application to factories facilitated the lengthening of the workday
lightbulb
Proposed in Congress in 1782 for the Great Seal of the United States, this motto symbolized the 13 original States uniting together to form one compact and represented body. It was accepted as a de facto motto.
E Pluribus Unum ("Out of many, one")
This 1887 legislation aimed to assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual land parcels, but it ultimately resulted in the loss of tribal lands and culture.
Dawes Act
These individuals believed in prioritizing the interests of native-born citizens over immigrants, often advocating for restrictive immigration policies and promoting cultural assimilation.
Nativists
This person donates significant time, money, or resources to charitable causes, aiming to improve the well-being of others or address societal issues.
philanthropist
This institution, founded in 1879, aimed to assimilate Native American children into mainstream American culture through education and training, promoting the idea of "kill the Indian, save the man."
Carlisle Indian School
This became the official motto of the U.S. in 1956 in order to distinguish the U.S. from nations which restrict religious freedoms; It can be found on U.S. coins and paper currency.
In God We Trust
This 19th-century conflict, sparked by the Ghost Dance movement led to the Wounded Knee Massacre and marked a tragic chapter in Native American history.
Ghost Dance War
In exchange for providing jobs to the immigrants and poor populations in cities, what did political machines expect?
Votes (Ballot box)
This organized group advocates for workers' rights and interests, negotiating with employers for better wages, benefits, and working conditions.
Labor Union
What process introduced in the 1850s revolutionized steel production by significantly speeding up the process?
Bessemer (process)