Trust the Process
In an experiment to test how salinity affects seed germination, the scientist plants seeds in five different salt concentrations and records germination rates. Which is the independent variable?
What is salt concentration?
Which macromolecule is the primary short-term energy source for cells?
What are carbohydrates?
Which two types of nucleic acids are found in cells?
What are DNA and RNA?
A substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded together is called this.
what is a compound?
Enzymes belong to which group of macromolecules that also includes structural components like collagen and functional molecules like hemoglobin?
What are proteins?
A student claims that “plants grow faster in sunlight than in shade” but has not collected data. Which part of the scientific method is missing?
What is collecting data?
This macromolecule is the main building material for muscles, hair, and nails.
What are proteins?
Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but not DNA?
What is Uracil?
A solution with a pH of 11 is classified as this.
What is basic?
The molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme is called this.
What is the substrate?
A student measures the height of plants every two days for three weeks. She organizes the numbers into a data table before making a graph.
Which part of the scientific method is she performing?
What is collecting and organizing data?
A food label lists high amounts of carbohydrates, moderate protein, and low fat. Predict whether this food would be better for short bursts of activity or long-term energy storage, and explain why.
Short bursts of activity, because carbohydrates provide quick energy.
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
What is a nucleotide?
Two glucose molecules are joined together and a water molecule is released during the process.
What is this reaction called?
What is dehydration synthesis (or condensation reaction)?
A student investigates how catalase affects the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. The reaction with catalase happens much faster than the reaction without it.
Which statement best explains the role of catalase in this reaction?
It lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to occur
Why is it important to have a control group in an experiment?
To provide a standard for comparison and determine if the independent variable caused the change.
A diabetic patient needs insulin to regulate their blood sugar levels. Insulin is an example of which macromolecule?
A student examines this molecule with a double helix shape, deoxyribose sugar, and the base thymine.
During digestion, starch molecules are broken down into glucose by adding water molecules to the bonds.
What is this reaction called?
What is hydrolysis?
A biology student tests an enzyme at temperatures from 10°C to 80°C. The reaction rate increases from 10°C to 37°C but drops sharply above 50°C.
Which conclusion is best supported by this data?
High temperatures can denature enzymes, changing their shape so they no longer function.
A scientist tests the effect of fertilizer type on tomato growth. She collects data, graphs it, and finds that the plants given Fertilizer B grew 20% taller than the control group.
Which step of the scientific method is she performing when she explains why Fertilizer B worked best?
What is drawing a conclusion?
A hiker eats a trail mix with dried fruit, nuts, and jerky. The fruit provides quick energy, the nuts store long-term energy, and the jerky contains hemoglobin-rich meat to help carry oxygen in the blood.
Match each food component to its macromolecule type.
Fruit = carbs
Nuts = lipids
Jerky = proteins
DOUBLE POINTS!!
A scientist is studying a section of DNA that contains instructions for making hemoglobin. What is this section of DNA called, and what does it do?
It is a gene, and it codes for a protein.
This subatomic particle has a negative charge and orbits the nucleus of an atom.
what is an electron?
In the lock-and-key model of enzyme action, which part of the model represents the “lock” and which part represents the “key”?
The enzyme’s active site is the “lock” and the substrate is the “key.”