2 Patients, Zero Margin
This cardiovascular condition carries a WHO class IV risk, making pregnancy contraindicated due to extremely high maternal mortality.
pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
This indexed aortic valve area defines severe aortic stenosis.
≤0.6 cm²/m²
Side effects include: euglycemic ketoacidosis, genital mycotic infections, and volume depletion—often precipitated perioperatively.
SGLT2i
According to ACC/AHA guidelines, this ascending aortic diameter is the standard surgical threshold for sporadic, degenerative aneurysms in patients without high-risk features.
5.5cm
Fairytale antagonist of the three little pigs who develops an accessory pathway the bundle of Kent.
The Big Bad Wolf Parkinson-White?
In pregnant patients with mechanical heart valves, warfarin is considered acceptable throughout pregnancy when the required daily dose does not exceed this amount.
5mg/day, and this is in the first trimester (organogensis)
This stroke volume index cutoff defines low-flow physiology in aortic stenosis.
<35 mL/m²
Side effects include: Profound bradycardia and hypotension during IV loading, metallic taste, and absence of torsades despite QT prolongation.
amiodarone
For patients with Marfan syndrome, elective aortic root replacement is recommended at this diameter even in the absence of symptoms.
What is ≥5.0 cm?
(≥4.5 cm with high-risk features)
A consistent prolonged PR interval with every cardiac beat at a gathering of a single community of members to celebrate and be merry?
First Degree AV Block Party
This ACE inhibitor is preferred during breastfeeding due to minimal transfer into breast milk and extensive safety data.
Enalapril or Captopril
This CT-derived aortic valve calcium score confirms severe AS in women when echo findings are discordant.
Women: ≥1,300 Agatston units
Men: ≥2,000 Agatston units
Side effects include: Injection-site reactions, influenza-like symptoms, and profound LDL reduction with twice-yearly dosing
Inclisiran
In acute aortic dissection, this pharmacologic principle must precede afterload reduction.
Impulse control via beta-blockade (NOT CCB)
IMPORTANT CONCEPT: dP/dt = slope of the LV pressure rise during isovolumetric contractio, Determined by: 1. Contractility (inotropy), 2. Heart rate, 3. Sympathetic tone
The prince of darkness and lead signer of a heavy metal band Black Sabbath who will have this on his ECG when severely hypothermic.
Ozzy Osborne Waves
In this syndrome, arrhythmic events cluster postpartum rather than during pregnancy, because substrate is unmasked or worsened postpartum due to abrupt estrogen withdrawal.
Long QT Type 2
In severe aortic regurgitation, this LV end-systolic dimension cutoff indicates need for surgery even if asymptomatic.
≥50 mm (or ≥25 mm/m² indexed)
Side effects include: Dose-dependent visual phenomena described as “luminous halos,” sinus bradycardia, and increased risk of atrial fibrillation.
Ivabradine
This genetic aortopathy carries the highest risk of dissection at diameters <5.0 cm.
Loeys–Dietz syndrome
Sabrina the teenage which who is having a myocardial infarction.
Melissa Joan Hart Attack
This BNP level in pregnancy is strongly associated with adverse maternal cardiac outcomes and should prompt urgent evaluation.
>300 pg/mL (registries IPAC, ROPAC)
If <125, strongly argues against heart failure
Under current ACC/AHA guidelines, this lower EROA threshold defines severe secondary mitral regurgitation, acknowledging its dependence on LV remodeling rather than leaflet pathology.
EROA ≥0.20 cm²
Side effects include: Troponin elevation without ischemia, increased systolic ejection time, and dose-dependent myocardial ischemia risk.
Omecamtiv Mecarbil
This aortic pathology most commonly causes embolic phenomena without luminal dilation.
Penetrating aortic ulcer
Natalie Portman won best actress Oscar winner as ballerina in this movie that would be used to monitor cariogenic shock.
Black Swanz Ganz Cather