ABA Basics
___________________ is anything a person does that can be observed.
Behavior
All operational definitions should be objective, ________, and __________.
observable and measurable
The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that increases or maintains that behavior is known as _______________ .
reinforcement
Name at least 3 types of prompts:
physical
gestural
verbal
environmental
modeled
______________________ is an event that, when made contingent on a behavior, decreases that behavior.
A punisher
Behavior that can be observed by anyone is known as ________________ behavior.
overt
Recording every occurrence of a behavior that occurs is recording __________.
frequency
An example of a primary reinforcer:
any food
water
sleep
warmth
A form of prompting that ensures that a student only learns correct responses from the start.
errorless learning
The tendency for the effects of training to spread is called ____________________.
generalization
Before a behavior can be measured, it must be ____________ ____________.
operationally defined
The speed at which your car travels is a measurement of _______.
rate
An example of a secondary reinforcer:
favorite TV show
riding a bicycle
listening to music
talking with friends
The process of breaking down a task into smaller steps when shaping or chaining.
task analysis
What are the common functions of behavior?
attention
tangibles
escape
automatic/sensory
In operant conditioning, a behavior is effected by the stimulus that ____________.
follows it
An example of discontinuous measurement procedures:
partial interval
whole interval
momentary time sampling
______________ ___ ________________ is a rule governing when to deliver reinforcers.
schedules of reinforcement
___________________ is the tendency for the target behavior to occur in the presence of the S-D but not in the presence of the S-delta.
Stimulus control
Joe’s teacher reinforces Joe when he is doing his work and not when he is talking to his peers. What type of differential reinforcement is it?
DRI
Tommy the RBT tells the team that he is recording instances of sorrow in his client. What is the potential problem with his statement?
Sorrow may not be operationally defined, may not be tied to overt behavior, may not be measurable.
Charlie hates math and isn't doing well at the beginning of the year. His teacher starts a token system based on the number of correct answers on worksheets she hands out. At the end of the year, Charlie wins best improved. What measurement system did his teacher use to determine this?
Permanent product recording: the worksheets
Tom feels anxious about his final exam. He decides to study for 2 hours. After studying, Tom no longer feels anxious. What type of reinforcement is this an example of?
negative reinforcement
Sue is taking a automobile repair class at Votech. What method of teaching is most likely being used to teach her how to repair an engine? Hint: Prompting? Shaping? Fading? Chaining? Explain why.
Chaining
Marie works in a small rural town providing ABA services to clients living in group homes where staff tend to be related to each other or are friends. What are some of the professional and ethical issues that could be present?
Dual relationships
Exploitative relationships
Problems with confidentiality
Maintaining the dignity of the individual