Integumentary
The branch of medicine that deals with the structure, function, and disorders of the integumentary system
Dermatology
90% of epidermal cells which are arranged in 4-5 layers and produce the protein keratin.
Keratinocytes
What are the two layers of the dermis?
Papillary and dermis
During emotional stress, blood may be diverted from the skin to internal organs, causing a person to look “as white as a sheet.”
Pallor or blanching
On the scalp, guards against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight
Hair
Largest organ in the body; comprises up to 7% of total body weight
Skin
8% of epidermal cells; produce the pigment melanin
Melanocytes
What types fibers give skin strength and resiliency that prevent minor jabs and scrapes from penetrating the dermis?
Collagen
When hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated, the skin may take on a bluish-grey tint, especially in the mucous membranes and nail beds.
Cyanosis
What are the three main portions of a hair?
Medulla, cortex, cuticle
The superficial, thinner portion composed of epithelial tissue
Epidermis
Name one of the other two types of epidermal cells.
Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans); tactile epthelial
Fingerprints are genetically determined by the _________ _________ patterns in areas of thick skin.
Friction or dermal ridges
Reddened skin may indicate embarrassment (blushing), fever, inflammation, or allergies.
Erythema
Caused by a pigment called pheomelanin
Red hair
Thicker, deeper layer composed of connective tissue
Dermis
Name two of the four strata (layers) in most epidermal areas.
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Comprised largely of the amino acid tyrosine; provides the primary pigmentation for skin and hair.
Melanin
If the liver malfunctions, bilirubin builds up, producing this condition (yellowing).
Jaundice
Consists of a bulb, receptor, papilla
Hair follicle
Deep to the dermis but not part of the skin; it consists of areolar and adipose tissues and serves as a storage depot for fat
Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
What is the name of the fifth layer of epidermis, and where does it occur?
Lucidum; palms, soles of feet, fingertips
What two pigments, besides melanin, give skin its color?
Carotene and hemoglobin
When blood vessels are damaged and leak blood into the surrounding tissue
hematomas, bruises, ecchymoses
Consists of a proximal root, plate, free edge, and bed; comparable to a claw or hoof in animals
Nail