Protocols & Prep
The required NPO time before a renal/retroperitoneal ultrasound
What is 6-8 hours?
1.01 A.I
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What is supine?
1.0 A.II
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Transducer frequency range recommended for pediatric/neonatal retroperitoneal imaging?
What is 7.5-12 MHz?
1.0 B.I
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What is curvilinear and 3-5 MHz?
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Normal adult renal length?
What is 9-12 cm?
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Amount of non-carbonated water the patient should drink before bladder preparation
What is 28-32 oz?
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Two secondary positions that can be used during renal scanning
What is LLD, RLD, Oblique, or Upright?
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Neonates renal cortex may appear what relative to the liver and spleen?
What is isoechoic or hyperechoic?
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What artifact produces a rapid multi colored display behind a calcification?
What is the twinkle artifact?
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Normal adult renal cortical thickness?
What is > 1cm/10mm
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why fasting helps with imaging the retroperitoneum
What is reducing bowel gas and acoustic shadowing?
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Why does deep inspiration help with renal imaging?
What is moving the diaphragm, liver, and spleen inferiorly, helping push the kidneys below the ribs?
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Why the neonatal cortex is relatively echogenic?
What is the lack or parenchymal fat?
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What is the physical basis of dirty shadowing/ring-down in renal imaging?
What is reverberations from trapped gas?
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Normal renal size asymmetry from side to side?
What is less than 1-2 cm difference?
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__ happens to the kidneys when the bladder becomes overly distended
What is temporary backpressure dilation?
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Main difference between an intercostal and subcostal scanning window
What is intercostal goes between the ribs; Subcostal uses the liver and spleen as an acoustic window (under the ribs)?
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How do neonatal renal medullary pyramids normally appear?
What is enlarged and deeply hypoechoic?
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What artifact appears as increased brightness posterior to fluid?
What is acoustic enhancement?
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Normal wall thickness of a distended bladder?
What is less than 3 mm?
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Three clinical indications for renal/retroperitoneal ultrasound
What is flank abdominal pain, hematuria, palpable flank mass, severe hypertension, abnormal renal labs, recurrent UTIs, obstructions, trauma, etc
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Purpose of the "tilt and rock" transducer maneuver?
What is to achieve a 90 degree perpendicular angle and reduce dropout?
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Compared to an adult, how large is the neonatal adrenal gland relative to the kidney?
What is about 1/3 of the size of the kidney, compared with 1/13 in adults?
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What artifact occurs when sound is attenuated behind a dense structure?
What is acoustic shadowing?
1.0 C.I
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Formula used to calculate pre-void bladder volume?
L x W x H x 0.52
1.0 C.II
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