CBC & Hematology
The most common cause of leukocytosis is this
Bacterial infection
Severe hyponatremia or hypernatremia may cause confusion because this electrolyte strongly affects neurologic function.
Sodium
High PaCO₂ with low pH indicates this primary disorder
Respiratory acidosis
Pulse oximetry estimates the saturation of this hemoglobin form
Oxyhemoglobin
Air appears this color on chest radiographs
Black (radiolucent)
VO₂ and VCO₂ are used to calculate this energy measurement
Resting energy expenditure (REE)
An elevated eosinophil count is commonly associated with this respiratory condition
Asthma/allergic inflammation
Potassium abnormalities primarily affect which vital system?
Cardiac muscle/cardiac conduction
Respiratory alkalosis is caused by this change in ventilation
Hyperventilation
Pulse oximetry is inaccurate in carbon monoxide poisoning because it cannot detect this abnormal hemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
Bone appears this color because it is highly radiopaque
White
Carbohydrates have an RQ closest to this numeric value.
1.0
A “left shift” refers to an increase in these immature WBCs
Bands (Neutrophils)
Chloride levels move inversely to this acid–base ion
Bicarbonate
Metabolic acidosis triggers this classic respiratory response
Increased ventilation/compensatory hyperventilation
ETCO₂ normally runs how many mmHg lower than PaCO₂?
2–5 mmHg lower
The best standard view for adult chest imaging is this projection
PA (posteroanterior)
Overfeeding increases CO₂ production and can worsen this aspect of ventilation.
Ventilator weaning difficulty/CO₂ retention
Hematocrit is typically about this many times the hemoglobin.
Three times
Elevated BUN and creatinine indicate dysfunction of which organ?
Kidneys
The “rapid assessment” ABG method begins with evaluating this value first
pH
Transcutaneous monitoring requires heating the what?
Skin
The silhouette sign helps localize pneumonia because it indicates loss of contrast between lung tissue and this structure
Adjacent soft‑tissue borders (e.g., heart or diaphragm)
This imaging technique provides real‑time evaluation of airway dynamics and is the best tool for diagnosing tracheomalacia.
Fluoroscopy
Thrombocytopenia increases this major clinical risk
Bleeding
Hyperglycemia with Kussmaul respirations suggests this metabolic condition
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
pH 7.17
PaCO2 51
PaO2 53
HCO3- 18
Mixed Acidosis
The most common cause of inaccurate transcutaneous readings is poor what?
Poor skin perfusion
This is the Gold Standard imaging for a PE.
CTA
This modality uses magnetic fields instead of radiation and provides excellent soft‑tissue detail, especially for the mediastinum and heart.
MRI