Week 1: Organizational Behaviour
What are the three factors of causation?
Correlation, temporal antecedence, and no third factor driving both
What are the two types of mindsets?
Fixed, growth
True or false: according to Goal Setting Theory, maximum task performance and maximum goal difficulty is the ideal “sweet spot”
False
What is it called when people put less effort when working in a group compared to working alone?
Social loafing
What is "effort justification"?
People tend to place greater value on outcomes that they put more effort into achieving
What is the illusion of transparency?
We assume other people can read what we’re thinking better than they actually can
Define "job crafting".
Redefining your job to incorporate your motives, strengths, and passions
What is the term for the point at which people think they’re not paid enough for the boring/menial task at hand?
Reservation wage
What is the Magic 5:1 Feedback Ratio?
The most effective teams have 5 positive interactions for every negative one
What are the 3 “layers” to culture?
Artifacts, Espoused Values, Basic Underlying Assumptions
What is a reason why books by CEO’s aren’t effective as advice?
Each situation is specific, descriptive not predictive, or survivorship bias
What is the Big Five? Answer should include the terms in the acronym, as well as what they mean
Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Extroversion
What are two drawbacks to extrinsic motivation?
Can be any of the following:
Focus too narrow; people cheat the game
Crowding out effect, leaving no room for intrinsic motivation
Signals a change in the norms, from intrinsic to extrinsic (like that example with parents sending their kids in late)
What is the C-factor in teams?
The group’s collective intelligence that predicts the overall team performance across tasks.
Provide an example of normative conformity.
e.g. You decide on the obviously wrong answer because everyone else in the room did
What is the difference between labour-based division of roles, and outcome-based?
Labour is about equal amount of work between people; outcome is designating people to their expertise
List three problems with using the Myers-Briggs test for hiring.
Any of the following (400 points)
Creates false opposites (e.g. either Feeling or Thinking)
Provide an example (can be from class) of how a job might fail in the “expectancy” part of the Expectancy Theory.
e.g. Bobby from the car dealership was misinformed about car prices, was never fed Internet leads, feels pushed around and often doesn’t know what’s going on
What are two benefits of Psychological Safety?
Can be any of these: Promotes innovation, Supports productive conflict, Mitigates failure, Increases accountability
Name one pro and one con to strong culture.
Pros: high motivation to achieve vision or cause; feelings of "fit", cohesion, and solidarity; ability to attract and retain employees
Cons: unwillingness to question shared values; insulation from outside viewpoints; lack of diverse opinions, creativity; feeling coerced and pressured to comply with norms
Name a factor of causation that this phrase does not consider: Areas with more crime have more churches, therefore churches cause crime. Explain
Temporal antecedence, or "third factor"
What are the 5 factors to job enrichment?
Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, job feedback
In an experiment watched in class, capuchin monkeys were fed grapes and cucumbers to test what theory?
Answer can be:
Equity theory
Expectancy theory (instrumentality)
In a recurring Prisoner's Dilemma experiment with various personality bots, what two traits did the top winners have?
"Nice" (leading with cooperation) and "forgiveness"
In one of the videos shown during the lecture, a girl was observed under the pretense of a free examination. Every time there was a beep, she stood, because she saw the others do so. What is this phenomenon called?
Informational conformity