Lung Parenchymal Disease
It’s a disease of prematurity
Incidence increases with decreasing gestational age
hyaline membrane disease
Repeated collapse and expansion of alveoli during
PPV (also called shear injury)
Atelectrauma
Abdominal wall defect that is separate from the
insertion of the umbilical cord
Bowels not covered by membrane
Gastroschisis
Abdominal defect that involves the insertion of
the umbilical cord
Omphalocele
steeple sign
Croup
This type of breathing often is seen as See sawing
Paradoxical breathing
PVR/SVR ratio is >1
PPHN is present
Weak muscle tone, club foot, breathing problems, delayed
development
Myotonic dystrophy
The larynx contains web-like tissue that limits the volume of air flowing in
and out of the trachea.
Laryngeal web
Unable to remove salt from sweat properly
Chloride sweat test is diagnostic (>60 meq/L)
CF
Diffuse, hazy reticulogranular densities
RDS
Pre and post ductal saturation difference of what percent?
(indicates significant shunt thru PDA)
>5%
occurs when the cartilage in the trachea has not developed properly and
instead of being rigid, the walls of the trachea are floppy.
Tracheomalacia
Frequent or recurrent vomiting
Frequent or persistent cough
Refusing to eat or difficulty eating (choking or
gagging while feeding)
Crying with feeding
Heartburn, gas, or abdominal pain
GERD
A large _______ in the neck or chest over the
airway can grow big enough to compress the airway.
Hemangioma
Most common respiratory disorder of the newborn
Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Laryngomalacia
–Tracheomalacia
–Laryngeal webs
–Tracheal stenosis
–Hemangiomas
What is internal obstruction
Ventricular septal defect
Overriding aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of Fallout
(aka bronchopulmonary
sequestration or BPS)
Lung sequestration
Most common cause is H. influenza type B (HiB)
Epiglottitis
Obstruction is ball-valve type
Meconium plugs
The laryngeal structure is malformed and
floppy, causing the tissues to fall over the
airway opening and partially block it.
Laryngomalacia
Scaphoid abdomen
–Decreased breath sounds
–Displaced heart sounds
–Severe cyanosis (hypoplasia + PPH)
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Thumb sign
Epiglottitis
Usually caused by parainfluenza virus
Croup