Conservation Mvmt and Background
Give one example over overexploitation
Bison, timber harvest, over grazing, passenger pigeon, fur bearers, market waterfowl hunting
What are ecosystem services?
Products provided by nature that benefit people and society
Provide one reason we measure vegetation structure.
Assess habitat, monitor management, index of standing crop
Define density
Number of individuals per unit area
Name the two main classifications of monitoring cattle space use and insect sampling
Passive and active
Name two people that were instrumental in the conservation movement of the late 1800s and early 1900s
Teddy, Aldo Leopold, Gifford Pinchot, George Bird Grinnell, John Muir, Ding Darling, and many others
What are four elements that every scientific study design should contain?
Controls, treatments, randomization, and replication
What are the two ways we think about vegetation structure distribution?
Horizontal and vertical
If the two most abundant species are found in every plot, your quadrat is...
Too large
Provide one consideration for designing an insect-focused study
level of study (insect group), status, spatial scale, live history traits, interactions with other organisms
Name a law (act) that was established as a result of the conservation movement
1900 Lacy Act--prohibited illegal trade
1913 Weeks-McClean Migratory Bird Act
1937 Pittman-Robertson Act
How are basic and applied research different?
Basis is geared towards understanding
Applied is used to solve practical problems
Provide one positive and one negative attribute of using the Robel Pole.
Simple, quick, commonly used
High observer variability, lacks dimensions (no horizontal)
Describe two different approaches to recording canopy cover.
Exact percentages or cover classes
Name two passive and two active cattle space use sampling techniques
Passive-bite counts, fecal counts, exclosures
Active-visual observations, GPS
Describe three ways in which pseudoscience and science are different
Duration, editing, sources (writers), outlets, intent
Name the four study designs covered in class.
1) Simple random sample
2) Stratified random sample
3) Systematic sample
4) Cluster sample
Name the four veg structure measurements we covered in class.
1) Robel Pole
2) Photo Cover Board
3) Nudd's board (profile board)
4) Cone of Vulnerability
What are the four main vegetation composition methods we covered in class?
Frequency, Density, Cover, Biomass clipping, or belt transects/line intercept
Name three passive sampling techniques that can used for insects.
Pan trapping (bee bowls), pitfall traps, Sticky traps, malaise traps, light traps, emergence traps, blue vein traps
Name three of the seven tenets of the North American Model for Wildlife Conservation.
Public trust, No commercial sale, Allocated by law, Legitimate purposes for use, International resource, Science-based management, Democracy of hunting--all people have access
How many samples would be gathered in grasslands if you were using a stratified random sampling design with 20% grassland cover and a total of 60 samples?
12
Observe from 4m away, observer at a 1m height, record the highest strata that is at least 50% obstructed.
Name the three types of cover that can be used when sampling vegetation composition.
Basal, Foliar, and Canopy
Name the four techniques covered in insect lab.
Foliage beating, blue vein traps, netting (plant-pollinator surveys), and LTDS