Basics
Microbiolgy is ____
What is the study of microorganisms
Microbes hard to study because ______
What are reproducing rapidly, can be grown quickly in large populations in a lab, can't be seen directly, analyzed through indirect means and have to be viewed through a microscope?
The four main types of macromolecules are _______
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
Pleomorphism is
What is a variation in cell wall structure caused by slight genetic or nutrional differences?
Extremophiles live in these conditions
What is some live in extremely high or low temperatures, some need high salt or acid concentration to survive, live on sulfur or methane, some live on the human body and may be capable of causing human disease?
The microorganisms that are acellular are ____
What are viruses and prions?
Microbes are ubiquitous because ________
What are deep in earth's crust, in polar ice caps/oceans, inside plants/animals, and earths landscape?
Macromolecules are made ___________
What are repeating subunits (monomers) which come together to form polymers?
Distinct characteristics of flagellum include:
What is the filament, hook (sheath), and the basal body?
Flagella and Cilia make this
What are microtubules?
The two classifications of unicellular organisms are _____
What are eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Microbes have shaped our planet by ____________
What is anoxygenic photo synthesizers of bacteria and oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and algae?
Structures that proteins can have are:
What is primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure?
Chemotaxis is ______
What is the movement of bacteria in response to chemical signals?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differences include:
What is smooth ER has nutrient processing and synthesis and storage of lipids and the Rough ER is protein synthesis for secreted or membrane proteins, and ribosomes give its "rough" appearance?
The microbes that are multicellular are _______
What are helminths?
Microbes produce the following:
What is CO2, NO, and CH3 that insulate Earth's atmosphere?
Phospholipids are composed of:
What is a hydrophilic head (negatively charged) and a hydrophobic tail (uncharged)?
Medical significance of bacterial endospores include:
What are the causes of anthrax (Bacillus anthraxes), causes of tetanus (Clostridium tetani), cause of gas gangrene (Clostridium perfringens), Cause of bolulism (Clostridium botulinum), and C. Diff- serious GI disease (Clostridium difficile)?
The endomembrane system includes:
What is the smooth ER, rough ER, vesicles, Golgi complex, and lysosomes?
Microbes that are unicellular are ___________
What are bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa?
The number of microbes that can cause infectious diseases in humans is __________
What is 2,000?
ATP releases energy after this bond is broken
What is in between the 2nd and 3rd bond?
Endospores resist:
What is extremes of heat, drying, freezing, radiation, chemicals that kill vegetative cells?
The morphologies of mold are:
What is Mycelium: woven mass of hyphae that makes up the body/colony of mold and Septa: can be solid partitions with no communication?