El paraneoplastic syndrome
Low sodium, confusion, euvolemia, high urine osmolality, smoker for a long time
small cell lung cancer
SIADH
Most common congenital heart defect with a holosystolic murmur at LLSB
VSD
Acute back pain after lifting, no neuro deficits, improves with NSAIDs.
What is lumbar strain?
Persistent ST elevation and deep Q waves weeks after MI.
What is a ventricular aneurysm?
Diuretic that blocks Na⁺/Cl⁻ in the distal tubule and causes hypercalcemia.
What is hydrochlorothiazide?
Proximal muscle weakness that improves with use, dry mouth, reduced deep tendon reflexes.
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Small Cell
Cyanosis at birth, egg-on-a-string heart on chest X-ray.
Transposition of Great Arteries
Unilateral leg pain, positive straight leg raise, dermatomal sensory loss.
What is herniated disc?
Chest pain, friction rub, fever weeks after MI.
What is Dressler syndrome (post-MI pericarditis)?
Diuretic that causes ototoxicity and hypokalemia.
What is furosemide (loop diuretic)?
Central obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, hypokalemia in a smoker
Cushing
Small Cell
Continuous machine-like murmur in a preterm infant.
PDA
Back pain in elderly, worse with walking, relieved by leaning forward.
What is spinal stenosis?
New holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border + shock days after MI.
What is ventricular septal rupture?
Potassium-sparing diuretic that works as an aldosterone antagonist.
What is spironolactone?
Velvety hyperpigmented plaques in axilla.
What is it?
What is the underlying diagnosis?
Acanthosis Nigricans
GI Adenocarcinoma
Boot-shaped heart, tet spells relieved by squatting.
What is tetralogy of Fallot?
Sudden back pain in elderly osteoporotic patient after mild trauma.
What is vertebral compression fracture?
Sudden hypotension and cardiac tamponade physiology days after MI.
What is free wall rupture?
Diuretic that increases calcium excretion and is used in hypercalcemia.
What is a loop diuretic?
Psychiatric symptoms, seizures, and autonomic instability in a young woman with an ovarian mass.
What is anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Ovarian Teratoma
Differential cyanosis, upper extremity hypertension, rib notching.
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Back pain, fever, and neurological deficits in an IV drug user.
What is spinal epidural abscess?
Acute mitral regurgitation, pulmonary edema, and shock post-MI
What is papillary muscle rupture?
Osmotic diuretic that can worsen pulmonary edema.
What is mannitol?