Matter, Measurements, and Sig Figs
This type of mixture has a uniform composition throughout and is also known as a solution.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
To convert a temperature from Celsius to the SI base unit Kelvin, you must add this number.
What is 273.15 (or 273)?
The dense central region of an atom that contains nearly all of its mass but virtually none of its volume.
What is the nucleus?
The mathematical equation relating the speed of light (c), wavelength (λ), and frequency (ν).
What is c = λv(or c = vλ)?
The quantum rule stating that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers, limiting any single orbital to two electrons.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
Converting water into ice is classified as this type of process because the chemical composition does not change.
What is a physical change process?
The derived SI unit calculated by dividing an object's mass by its volume (m/V).
Two atoms with the identical atomic number but different mass numbers are defined as these.
What are isotopes?
Among Radio, Visible, Ultraviolet, and Gamma rays, the type of electromagnetic radiation with the lowest frequency and longest wavelength.
What are radio waves?
The letter designation given to an orbital subshell when the angular momentum quantum number l = 1.
What is the p subshell (or p orbital)?
The number of significant figures in the measurement 0.004050 g.
What is 4?
Because 1 m = 10^12 pm and 1 m = 10^3 mm, this many picometers (pm) are in one millimeter (mm).
What is 10^9 (or 1,000,000,000)?
An ion with 26 protons, 30 neutrons, and 23 electrons has this overall net charge.
What is +3?
The phenomenon observed when passing light emitted by excited gas atoms through a prism, producing discrete wavelengths rather than a continuous rainbow.
What is a line spectrum (or emission spectrum)?
The total number of degenerate orbitals found in any complete d subshell (l = 2).
What is 5?
This term describes how closely individual measurements agree with one another, regardless of whether they hit the true value.
What is precision?
An object moving at a speed of 25 m/s travels this many kilometers in one hour.
What is 90 km/h? (25 x 3600/100)
The common family name given to the highly reactive metals in Group 1A of the periodic table.
What are the alkali metals?
This process occurs when an electron drops from an excited state (n = 4) down to a lower state (n = 1), causing energy to be released.
What is photon emission (or emitting a photon)?
The rule stating that electrons fill degenerate orbitals singly with parallel spins before pairing up.
What is Hund's Rule?
When performing the calculation (12.02 + 0.1) x 3.00, this is the correct number of significant figures in the final answer.
What is 3?
Given that 1 Å = 10^-10 m, one cubic meter (1 m^3) is equivalent to this many cubic angstroms (Å^3).
What is 10^30 Å^3? ((10^10)^3)
An element has two isotopes: Isotope A (10.0 amu, 20% abundance) and Isotope B (11.0 amu, 80% abundance). This is its average atomic weight.
What is 10.8 amu? ((0.20 x 10.0) + (0.80 x 11.0))
According to Planck's relation E = hv, if the wavelength of light is cut in half, the energy of each photon changes by this factor.
What is doubled (or multiplied by 2)?
The condensed ground-state electron configuration of a neutral silicon atom (Z = 14).
What is [Ne] 3s^2 3p^2?