The Tsar & Change
1905 Revolution
Reactionary Conservatism
Stability, 1906-14?
Effects of WWI
Nicholas II goes to the front
Causes & Effects - Feb. 1917 Rev
The Provisional Government
The collapse of the Provisional Government
The October Revolution
The Russian Civil War
The USSR and the NEP
100
The ruling family of Russia was the
Romanovs
100
The reason that the Russo-Japanese war started was
imperialism - or territorial expansion by the Japanese
100
What is reactionary conservatism?
A violent and repressive response to demands for liberal or socialist reforms. A means of maintaining the autocracy in Russia.
100
How many different Dumas met between 1906 and 1914?
4
100
Who were Russia's TWO main allies in WWI before 1917?
Britain and France
100
The Tsarina's advisor, when she took control of the government in Russia, was called
Rasputin
100
The two groups that formed to take over the government in response to the uprising in Petrograd in 1917 were
The Petrograd Soviet
The provisional committee of the Duma
100
Why was there no Tsar of Russia after Nicholas II?
His son was not old enough to take the throne.
His brother Michael was unwilling to take the throne.
No one to take over for him.
100
This general planned a march on Petrograd in August of 1917 to crush the Bolshevik influence on the Petrograd Soviet.
General Kornilov
100
Two weaknesses of the Provisional Government that the Bolsheviks seized upon to take over in Oct. 1917
lost control over the military (Kornilov Affair)
continuation of the fighting of WWI
100
Three groups that made up the White army were
the Allies
Tsarists
Czechs, Ukrainians and Fins who wanted Nationalism
100
Tax in Kind was a targeted plan to get the support of
the peasants
200
The pogroms were an example of this program to nationalize all people in the Russian empire.
Russification
200
The 1905 Revolution happened outside the winter palace in ___, Russia.
St. Petersburg or Petrograd
200
The hatred of Jews is called
anti-semitism
200
The Fundamental Laws of 1906 were a return to this type of government.
autocracy
200
What countries were Russia's TWO main enemies in WWI through 1917?
Germany and Austria-Hungary
200
Who killed Rasputin and why? Who did this benefit? (3)
a group of aristocrats, to save the tsar's power
the aristocrats helped themselves because they would lose power if the tsar did
200
List two reasons Russian soldiers left the front lines of WWI in large numbers.
problems on the homefront - shortages
conditions at the front - losses and retreat
200
What was the key problem with Order Number 1 of the provisional government of Russia?
The military would only answer to the Military Commission of the State Duma, not the provisional government that decided to keep Russia in the war.
200
the uprising at the naval base in Petrograd in July 1917 had these two consequences
exile of many of the Bolsheviks involved in the uprising
AND
the Provisional Government was in charge in Russia
200
At the Congress of Soviets, these TWO groups walked out because they saw the October Revolution as a one party takeover, rather than a Soviet one.
Mensheviks
Socialist Revolutionaries
200
Three advantages the Red army had over the White army
- controlled the RR
- recruitment numbers of over 5 million
- Check enforced fear of dissertion
200
Where was there a challenge to the new USSR government in 1921?
Kronstad military base
300
While Sergei Witte tried to convince the tsar to increase Russia's investment in industry, this minister tried to focus on agriculture improvement under harsh conditions.
Pyotr Stolypin
300
List 3 liberal ideas the tsar included in the October Manifesto.
a written constitution
citizenship voting for the Duma (middle & aristocrats)
a legislative body to advise the tsar
free speech and press
300
What do historians suspect was the reason that Pytor Stolypin was assassinated in 1911?
He had lost the favor of the tsar and his popularity among the peasants had grown.
300
The local councils which gave peasants representation in the government that were largely ignored by the aristocracy and Nicholas II were called
Zemstovs
300
The greatest weakness of the Russian government in WWI was their inability to
use total war - support both fronts (home and the war)
300
During WWI, the Russians found some success against
Austria-Hungary
300
What reason did the members of the Duma and the military give to Tsar Nicholas II to convince him to abdicate?
his safety
300
The role of prime minister of Russia during the Provisional Government of 1917 was held by these two men.
Prince Lvov
Alexander Kerensky
300
document written by Lenin in 1917, that first outlined his goals to end Russia's involvement in WWI AND to put an end to the democracy of the bourgeoisie in favor of a socialist government.
April Theses
300
The image is an example of
propaganda
300
Name the treaty between Russia and Germany to create peace after WWI.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
300
5 member governing body that made the key decisions in the USSR
politburo
400
The two groups of Socialist Revolutionaries in Russia in the late 1800s were
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
400
Those that supported the creation of the Duma were mostly from the middle class called ______ AND were also called _______ for their support of the October Manifesto.
Kadets
Octoberists
400
This group worked alongside the Ohkrana to undermine opposition groups in Russia through violent paramilitary operations, primarily targeting Jews.
Black Hundreds
400
What was the name for the wealthy peasants who had become property owners in Russia, and what minister supported this progress?
kulaks, Stolypin
400
What battle exposed the Russian inexperienced generals and lack of industrial weapons?
The Battle of Tannenberg, 1914
400
Name the Tsarina of Russia, Nicholas II's wife, and her country of birth.
Alexandra, Germany
400
The February Revolution is celebrated today as ___.
International Women's Day
400
Why were the peasants unhappy with the Provisional Government of 1917?
They failed to redistribute the land to the peasants.
400
TWO groups under the command of Trotsky that were the military organization behind the overthrow of the Provisional Government of Russia in Oct. 1917
The Red Guards
The Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC)
400
The Prime Minister of the Provisional Government who fled to the United States just before the Bolshevik Revolution.
Alexander Kerensky
400
the Checka was really the ___ of the Bolsheviks and between 1918 and 1919 over 8500 Russians died during this event called _____. (2 answers)
secret police
the Red Terror
400
name TWO territories that were once part of the Russian empire but not part of the USSR in 1921
Ukraine
Finland
Czechoslovakia
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
500
After the assassination of his grandfather Alexander II, Nicholas II believed in this type of governing called
reactionary conservatism
500
2 reasons that the Russians lost the Russo-Japanese War
lack of industrialization
poor military leadership & weak navy
500
The crushing of the gold mine strike in Lena (Siberia), Russia by Tsarist soldiers in 1912 proved
the tsar still had the support of the military prior to WWII
the autocracy of Tsar Nicholas II still had support from within Russia
Tsar Nicholas II was still powerful in Russia
500
In 1905 the Potemkin mutiny threatened the stability of
the Russian navy
500
With continued losses in WWI, the Russian government found that it could not stop _____ or borrowing and printing money to help with food shortages, and peasants hoarding grain.
inflation
500
List 2 reasons why Nicholas II's taking control of the military was problematic for his reign.
He had no military experience.
He was responsible for the losses.
He was unaware of the growing unrest with the population on the Homefront.
He was unaware of trouble brewing in Petrograd.
500
Name the president of the Duma who telegrammed the Tsar to explain the chaos in Petrograd in February 1917.
Mikhail Rodzianko
500
How long did the Provisional Government of Russia last?
9 months
500
Why did Lenin choose October 1917 for the Bolshevik Revolution to overthrow the Provisional Government
He wanted to ensure Bolshevik control of Russia, ahead of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets.
500
the slogan used by the Lenin to promote their October Revolution and get the support of the Russian people
"Peace, Land and Bread"
500
why did the Bolsheviks execute Tsar Nicholas II and his family
Lenin opposed any potential opposition to his rule
500
The USSR stands for
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
600
This event at the coronation of Nicholas II proved he did not have any connection with the masses of Russians.
The Khondynka Incident (or the stampede in Moscow)
600
By 1906, proof that Nicholas II had abandoned the October Manifesto and returned to autocratic rule was
The Fundamental Orders of 1906
600
The Third Duma was dismissed as the "Duma of Lords and Lackeys". Explain what that means.
This Duma had the ear of the government and was able to please the tsar and the aristocrats with the measures it passed. It was too subordinate to the tsar's government.
600
How long had the Romanovs ruled Russia by 1913?
300 years
600
Why did the civilian population suffer food and supply shortages throughout WWI? Be specific
The government used the railways to supply the military at the cost of civilian goods, and so problems persisted in the cities of supply shortages.
600
The moderate conservatives and liberals in the Duma formed the ___, and increasingly criticized the tsar's government between 1915 and 1917.
Progressive Bloc
600
What date (month, day, year) does Nicholas II abdicate the throne of Russia?
March 2, 1917
600
Members of what party were not included in the Provisional Government, giving them opportunity to exploit the weaknesses of the government?
Bolsheviks
600
What TWO demands of the Russian people, did the Provisional Government fail to produce by October 1917, which led to their downfall?
land redistribution and a constitution
600
Why did Lenin reject the involvement of the peasants in the October Revolution?
He believed the peasants to be incapable of mounting a unified opposition to the bourgeoise/provisional government and rather relied on the soviets (worker organizations in cities) to back his proletariat revolution.
600
Explain the war commissars and their impact on the Red army
They ensured soldiers were loyal to the army
they prevented desertion and disloyalty
600
The NEP prevented this group of Russian landowning peasants from disrupting the socialist revolution of the USSR.
Kulaks