Rulers & Reigns
Succeeded Catherine in 1796 and ruled until his assassination in 1801; his reign was short but marked by reversals of some of her policies.
Who is Paul I?
Signed in 1792, treaty ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-92 and pushed Russia's frontier to the Dniester River.
What is the Treat of Jassy?
This vast region north of the Black sea, including modern southern Ukraine, was developed under Catherine with new cities such as Odessa.
What is the northern Black Sea steppe (New Russia/Yekaterinoslav region)?
This 1861 decree freed millions of bonded peasants across the empire.
What is the Emancipation do the Serfs (1861)?
This early 19th-century poet, author of 'Ruslan and Ludmilla' became a symbol of Russian literary genius.
Who is Alexander Pushkin?
This tsar ruled from 1801 to 1825, led Russia during the Napoleonic Wars, and later helped form the Holy Alliance.
Who is Alexander I?
This 1812 treaty with the Ottoman Empire gave Russian Bessarabia
What is Treaty of Bucharest (1812)?
In early 1800s, Russia fought this Muslim-ruled empire to gain territory in the South Caucasus and a long the Caspian?
What is Persia (Qajar Iran)?
Introduced under Alexander II, these local self-government assemblies gave limited elected representation at district and provincial levels.
What are Zemstvos?
Built in 1880s-1890s, this transcontinental railway began connecting Europoean Russia to where?
What is Siberia? (Trans-Siberian Railway)
Known as the 'Gendarme of Europe', conservative ruler reigned from 1825 to 1855 and cracked down on revolutions.
Who is Nicholas I?
Fought from 1853 to 1856, this war saw Russian defeated b and alliance including Britain, France and the Ottomans.
What is Crimean War?
During the 19th century, Russian steadily conquered these Muslim khanates and the Emirates in Central Asia.
What is Turkestan?
This major 1860s reform overhauled the legal system, introducing public trials and juries. (what and when)
What is the Judicial Reform of the 1864?
This 19th century novelist wrote 'War and Peace' and 'Anna Karenina', depicting Russian society and history.
Who is Leo Tolstoy?
Called "the Liberator" he emancipated the serfs in 1861 and was assassinated in 1881.
Who is Alexander II?
This 1878 treaty, imposed on the Ottomans after Russia's victory, created a large Bulgarian state and expanded Russian influence int he Balkans.
What is the Treaty of San Stefano?
This 1858-1860 diplomatic-military push against Qing China gave Russia the ___ region and access to the Pacific port later named Vladivostok.
What is the acquisition of the Amur/Ussuri region (Treaties of Aigun and Beijing)?
Under Alexander II, military service was reformed in 1874 to replace this old system with universal conscription?
What is the recruitment/levy system?
Founded in 1794 on the Black Sea, this port became Russia's key grain export hub in the 19th century.
What is Odessa?
Reigned as emperor for 24 days in 1825, though never took the throne.
Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich
Over 1793 and 1795, Russia participated in these diplomatic-military divisions that erased a major Eastern European state from the map.
What are the Partitions of Poland (second and third)?
Acquired in 1860, this Pacific port became Russia's main naval base on the Sea of Japan?
What is Vladivostok?
After Alexander II's assassination, this successor rolled back many liberal reforms and emphasized "Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality".
Who is Alexander III?
This intellectual movement among Russian elites in the 19th century emphasized Russia's unique peasant based path, distinct from Western Europe
What is Salvophilism? (the Slavophile movement)