Civil War
What conflict began right after the Bolshevik Revolution?
The civil war between the Bolsheviks and anti-Bolshevik groups.
What happened to the factories after the revolution?
They were nationalized / taken over by workers’ councils.
What was the Gulag system?
A network of labor camps where millions suffered and many died.
What's the name of the country created in 1922 after the civil war?
The USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) / Soviet Union
Which sailors protested against military communism with a mutiny during the civil war?
The Kronstadt sailors
What policy did Lenin start in 1921 to help the economy?
The New Economic Policy (NEP).
What term describes Stalin’s rule over the Soviet Union?
Stalinism
What is a “Bolshevik”?
A member of the group led by Lenin that fought for a communist state.
Name one way the Bolsheviks kept control during the civil war.
They censored the press, banned religion, or used violence to stop opposition.
What did some Bolsheviks criticize about the NEP?
They thought it was too capitalist.
What was the main goal of the Great Purge in the 1930s?
To remove all enemies of the state.
What does “communist” mean?
Sharing property and wealth equally under government control.
In which year did the Red Army win the civil war?
In 1921.
What did collectivization mean for peasant farmers under Stalin?
They were forced to join collective farms and work together.
Who were the kulaks, and what happened to them?
The kulaks were "rich" farmers; they were removed from their land, sent to labor camps, and many died.
What is a “soviet”?
A council of workers that ran factories and made decisions.
How many sailors survived the Kronstadt rebellion?
About 150 out of 15,000.
What did Stalin do after the NEP ended?
He began a planned economy with five-year plans
About how many people were sent to labor camps during Stalin’s rule?
Around 18 to 20 million people.
What does “planned economy” mean?
An economy where the government makes all decisions about production and trade, often with long-term plans.