Questions 1
The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria. He was a member of the Black Hand
Gavrilo Princip
This cause of World War 1 resulted from the competition among European nations for colonies in Africa and Asia from 1880-1914. This created tension, especially between Germany and Great Britain
Imperialism
Expansion and meaning of MAIN
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism; four long-term causes of WW1
local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers
soviets
This clause of the Treaty of Versailles placed all blame for WW1 with Germany and its allies
War Guilt Clause
This country seized German territory in China during WW1 and kept it after the war, despite anger by China
Japan
Workers asked for better working conditions by marching the Winter Palace; The czar's forces opened fire and killed hundreds of innocents; Hurt reputation of czar
Bloody Sunday 1905
A main catalyst for the Russian Revolution; food shortages in Russia; soldiers lacked supplies and food; heavy losses in battle
Impact of WW1 on Russia
Used by the Germans as a means to break Britain's naval blockade. Many British and American ships were attacked in the North Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean
U-boats
"white" anticommunists fought the "red" communists to decide how Russia would be governed; Reds successfully defended the Bolshevik government
Russian Civil War
Victims of genocide that took place during WW1; Targeted by Young Turks under policy of Turkification, unfairly blamed for country's economic problems
Armenians
Area located between enemy trenches
No Man's land
Tsar of Russia after his father's assassination. Autocratic and sought to roll back his father's reforms. Strengthened secret police and increased censorship of the press
Alexander III of Russia
System by which Great Britain and France were given control over lands of the former Ottoman Empire to help them ultimately achieve independence. Included lands which eventually became Iraq, Transjordan, Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon
Mandate system
Years of WW1
1914-1918
This was a major cause of WW1. Two major alliances formed the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. Made World War expand by drawing more countries into the war
Alliances
A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917
Bolsheviks
This style of warfare was common in WW1, due to the need for protection from the machine gun and heavy artillery
Trench Warfare
This was Germany's military plan at the outbreak of WW1 to avoid a 2-front war. The plan called for an invasion of France through neutral Belgium. A small force would be sent east to Russia
Schlieffen Plan
Weapon that caused blindness and possibly a slow death over a period of weeks
mustard gas
This cause of World War 1 was based on an intense pride in one's nation that led it to want a greater place in the world. The term also describes the desire of a group to be independent from foreign rule
Nationalism
A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort. including rationing and transforming factories to produce war goods
total war
Treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in WW1
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
These 1916 battles along the Western Front resulted in tremendous loss of life with little territorial gain
Battles at Verdun and Somme
Russian Czar who freed the serfs in 1861 and was assassinated in 1881
Alexander II