Baroque
Which keyboard instrument is predominant in the Baroque period?
Harpsichord
Why was the Classical period known as the "Age of Enlightenment"?
Science was rapidly advancing and people starting to reason which undermined the authority of the church.
In which century did the Romantic period begin?
19th century (1820)
Name the composer who composed the "Revolutionary" Etude.
Chopin
How many movements does a classical sonata usually have? What is the tempo for each movement like?
3. Fast, slow, fast.
Which two groups of people did composers mainly serve in the Baroque period?
The church and aristocrats.
Why was there a rise in music for amateurs in the Classical period?
The middle class rose in status and many of them wanted to be surrounded by music at home too. Easier pieces were written for amateur musicians to play and understand.
State 2 kinds of subject matter that commonly inspired Romantic composers.
Supernatural, nature, love, pain and suffering etc.
State two important Romantic composers of lieders.
Schubert and Schumann
Describe the rondo form.
A-B-A-C-A....
In the Baroque period, which instruments play the supporting bass part. What is that part known as?
Cello, double bass, bassoon, harpsichord, organ.
Basso continuo
What is "Chamber Music"? Describe some common instrument make ups of 2 different groupings of chamber music.
Music meant to be performed in a more intimate setting of a room in a home or palace rather than a concert hall. String quartet (2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello), piano trio (1 violin, 1 cello, 1 piano) etc.
How was the piano in the Romantic period different from the piano in the Classical period? State 3 differences.
1. Iron cast frame vs wooden frame.
2. Expanded range.
3. Introduction of sustain pedal.
Who is known as the "father of the string quartet"?
Haydn. He wrote 68 string quartets!
State 2 musical features of a courante.
Fast, triple meter
Describe 3 typical characteristics of Baroque music.
Asymmetrical phrasing and continuous recurring melody, unity of mood, recurring rhythmic pattern, terraced dynamics, use of basso continuo, smaller orchestra with predominantly strings (other instruments are based on piece requirements and not fixed).
Describe 3 typical characteristics of Classical music.
Balanced phrasing, strong tonic-dominant relationship in terms of harmony and key, orchestra contains paired winds, more homophonic texture, gradual changes in dynamics, wider variety of moods in single piece/mvt.
Describe 3 typical characteristics of Romantic music.
Wider range of instruments used, larger orchestra, more use of dissonance and chromatic harmony, monumental forms, programmatic elements, expanded dynamic and tempo range, nationalism and exoticism, individuality of style.
From each of the period (Baroque, Classical, Romantic), name 1 composer and 1 work composed by them.
1. Bach - Brandenburg Concerto
2. Beethoven - Pastoral Symphony (No.6)
3. Schubert - Erlking
State three forms that are usually associated with Romantic lieders and describe their differences.
Strophic - each stanza of the poem are sung to the same music (e.g. A-A-A)
Modified Strophic - a few stanzas set to same music but there may be short sections of contrasting music consisting of contrasting keys/new materials etc. (E.g. A-A-B-A)
Through Composed - each stanza of the poem is set to new music