Inhalant Anesthetics
The ___________ of an anesthetic agent is the lowest concentration which 50% of patients show no response to a painful stimulus.
MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration)
List 3 potential side effects of Alpha 2 Agonists
Vomiting, CNS depression, analgesia, muscle relaxation, cardiac suppression, hypotension, respiratory depression, hypothermia etc
What are the 3 major types of opioid receptors that have been identified
Mu, kappa, delta
What tranquilizer should be avoided in stallions
Acepromazine
Perivascular injection of barbiturates causes ________.
Tissue necrosis/sloughing
TRUE or FALSE: Isoflurane relies on adequate kidney and liver function to be excreted.
FALSE
What colour would you expect a dogs gums to be following administration of an alpha 2 agonist?
White
Pale pink
What effect on pupil size do opioids have in dogs and cats?
Miosis (constriction) dogs, mydriasis (dilation) cats (+ruminants, horses)
Name 3 drugs in the tranquilizer category benzodiazepine
Diazepam, zolazepam, midazolam
What anesthetic drug is classified as a dissociative anesthetic?
Ketamine
After performing the leak test at the beginning of the day, you must ensure to open _______________.
Pop Off Valve
List 2 situations in which you would utilize an alpha 2 antagonist?
Severe bradycardia or respiratory depression, if it was a short procedure and the dog can be sent home, accidental overdose
Name 4 routes of administration for fentanyl.
Transdermal, oral, SQ, IV (CRI), epidural, IM, SQ, rectal
Name 3 effects of acepromazine
Muscle relaxation, antiemetic, sedation, antianxiety, vasodilation, antiarrythmia (ventricular, antihistamine effect (do not use with allergy testing) reduction of seizure threshold
When comparing dosing of emergency drugs intravenously versus through an endotracheal tube, we need to administer _______ the amount IT.
Double, twice
TRUE OR FALSE: Isoflurane has no analgesic properties but does induce fair muscle relaxation
TRUE
Name 2 Alpha 2 agonists and 2 alpha 2 antagonists used in veterinary medicine
Agonists:Xylazine, Dexmedetomidine, Medetomidine, Detomidine, Romfidine
Antagonists: yohimbine, atipamezole (antisedan)
List 5 opioids used in veterinary medicine.
Morphine, meperidine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, methadone, buprenorphine, butorphanol
Which tranquilizer is irritating and painful when given IM?
Diazepam
The potency of barbiturates within the body is increased in animals that are hypo___________.
Hypoproteinemic
List 4 inhalant anesthetic agents used in veterinary medicine.
Isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, Halothane, Methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide
What is the potential danger to using xylazine as a premedication before surgery?
Vomiting, could cause aspiration when placement endotracheal tube
Describe 4 major adverse effects associated with opioid administration
Bradycardia, diarrhea initially followed by constipation, dysphoria, vomiting, increased intraocular and intracranial pressure, CNS depression, sedation
What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines
Flumazenil (not commonly used)
List 3 side effects to propofol administration
CNS depression, resp/cardiac depression, muscle twitching, transient apnea