rock transformations
true or false is any rock type can be transformed into any other type of rock.
true
what is the difference between temperature and heat?
temperature is a measure of average particle motion while heat is the energy flow between substance
What drives plate tectonics?
The main driving force is heat from the core causing convection currents within the mantle, which move the plates above.
What is the main driver of natural selection?
The environment determines which phenotypes (traits) are successful and advantageous.
what is evolution.
evolution is the change in living things over long periods of time.
how does weathering differ from erosion in the context of rock transformation?
It must undergo intense heat and pressure, typically during plate collisions, without melting completely.
how does a thermos bottle prevent heat transfer?
a thermos uses a vacuum layer to stop conduction/convection and a shiny surface to prevent radiation
What are the major tectonic plates?
There are seven major plates: African, Antarctic, Eurasian, North American, South American, Indo-Australian, and Pacific.
What is an example of natural selection?
The peppered moth during the Industrial Revolution in England, where darker moths became more common because they were better camouflaged from predators on soot-darkened trees
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What is Natural Selection?
Proposed by Darwin, it is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
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what is the role of uplift and subduction in transforming rock?
uplift exposes rocks to surface weathering;subduction pushes rocks into the mantle to melt.
why does a metal spoon feel colder than a wooden spoon, even if they are at the same temperature
metal is a better thermal conductor, meaning it transfers thermal energy away from your hand fast than wood.
Where is new crust formed and old crust destroyed?
New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges (divergent boundaries), while old crust is destroyed at subduction zones (convergent boundaries).
What does "survival of the fittest" actually mean?
It means individuals with advantageous traits survive better and produce more offspring, passing those traits to the next generation.
what is a analogous structure?
An analogous structure is a body part in different organisms that has the same function but developed differently and does not come from an common ancestor.
what are the primary mechanisms that changes a metamorphic rock into an igneous rock?
it must be pushed down, melt into magma, and then cool and crystallize.
the cold lake has more thermal energy because it has much larger mass.
What evidence did Alfred Wegener use for continental drift?
Wegener cited the puzzle-like fit of continents (e.g., Africa and South America), matching fossil records across oceans, and similar rock formations on different continents.
How do new adaptations arise?
Mutations in DNA provide new genetic variations, which may give an organism an advantage in its environment.
Do Humans Come from Monkeys?
Humans are not descended from modern monkeys. We share a common ape ancestor with chimpanzees that lived 6-8 million years ago.
how does energy from the sun compare to energy from inside the earth in terms of how they change rock?
sun drives surface weathering/erosion, while earths interior drives melting and metamorphic heat/pressure
what is the difference between thermal energy and temperature?
temperature measures the average kinetic energy and particles, while thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all particles.
What is the fastest-moving plate?
The Pacific Plate is often considered the fastest-moving major plate.
Do individuals evolve?
No, individuals adapt, but populations evolve over time through natural selection.
what is a vestigial structure.
A vestigial structure is a body part that used to be useful to ancestors but now has little or no function.