S2 D17 EXAM 3

149–590

1

Identify the muscular structure that functions in direct opposition to the agonist during a specific joint movement. (Page 149)

antagonist

2

The ________ is the muscle that assists the agonist. (Page 149)

synergist

3

Define the clinical term used for the prime mover muscle responsible for a specific action. (Page 149)

agonist

4

Finding the release position for a joint involves ________. (Page 589)

passively moving the joint in the same direction as contraction

5

Which clinical researcher is credited with the foundational development of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)? (Page 590)

Dr. Herman Kabat

590–591

1

Who developed the modern muscle energy technique (MET)? (Page 590)

Fred Mitchell Sr, DO

2

Name the innovator who introduced the rapid rhythmic resistive duction technique into the therapeutic repertoire. (Page 590)

Dr. TJ Ruddy

3

Which MET incorporates the postisometric relaxation theory? (Page 591) 

antagonist contract

contract- relax- contract the opposite

resist during concentric and eccentric contractions

contract- relax OR agonist contract 

contract- relax OR agonist contract

4

Identify the neurological principle stating that a muscle achieves a state of diminished tension immediately following a voluntary isometric contraction. (Page 591)

postisometric relaxation

5

What is the most common MET procedure used to relax constricted and hypertonic muscles? (Page 591)

contract- relax OR agonist- contract

591

1

Results are improved if trigger points are ________ MET is applied. (Page 591)

deactivated before

activated before

deactivated after

activated after

deactivated before

2

Depending on the intended outcome of the MET, the force applied by the therapist can ________. (Page 591) 

be equal to that of the client

be less than that of the client

overcome that of the client

all of the above

all of the above

3

What term describes muscles characterized by persistent shortening and the presence of palpable taut bands? (Page 591)

Hypertonic

4

 Which of the following is not one of the main variations of muscle energy techniques effective in lengthening tense and shorted muscles? (Page 591)

agonist contract

relax- contract

contract- relax- contract the opposite

antagonist contract

 relax- contract

5

Define the neurological mechanism that occurs when the contraction of one muscle induces the relaxation of its functional opposite. (Page 591)

reciprocal inhibition

592–595

1

During the application of agonist-contract MET, what specific percentage of maximal effort should the client be instructed to provide? (Page 592)

20%

2

How should a therapist proceed if a muscle energy technique is causing the client pain? (Page 592)

stop the MET

3

Which MET takes advantage of a physiological process known as reciprocal inhibition? (Page 592)

antagonist contract

4

In the clinical application of the antagonist contract technique, what is the recommended duration for each individual contraction? (Page 593)

7-10 seconds

5

Does PMET decreases circulation?

no (Page 595)

595–598

1

What is the neuromuscular process known as splinting? (Page 595)

the process of muscles protecting an injured area

2

Identify the specialized MET manipulation intended to remediate fibrosis by utilizing a counter-pressure that overpowers the client's contraction. (Page 596)

Isolytic

3

The ________ technique was developed by Dr. Lawrence Jones, who happened upon this technique by accident. (Page 598)

Strain-Counterstrain

4

 What are Position Release Techniques also known as? (Page 598)

passive positioning techniques

5

Position Release is a(n) ________ method of treatment, meaning the body part is moved away from the resistance barrier and toward a position of ease and comfort. (Page 598)

indirect

598–601

1

Which of the following bodywork systems do NOT incorporate Position Release? Ortho-Bionomy, Trager Method, Structural/Muscular Balancing, or Strain-Counterstrain (Page 598)

Trager Method

2

________ is a healing system based on the body’s self-correcting reflexes. (Page 599)

Ortho-Bionomy

3

________ integrates techniques from several bodywork systems, including those of Drs Lawrence Jones and Arthur Pauls. (Page 599)

structural/ muscular balancing

4

In Position Release, positioning is done ________, to avoid any increase in pain. (Page 601)

slowly

5

According to the clinical standards of Jones and Chaitow, what is the recommended duration for holding a position once ease is achieved? (Page 601)

60- 90 sec

607–609

1

________ fibers are the most abundant fibers in most connective tissue. (Page 607)

Collagen

2

Myofascial techniques are intended to ________ fascia and release fascial adhesions. (Page 607)

Stretch

3

Which specialized connective tissue cells are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of histamine and heparin? (Page 608)

Mast cells

4

________ synthesize components of connective tissue including collagen, elastin, reticular fibers, and ground substance. (Page 608)

Fibroblasts

5

 Fascia is hydrated better with the ability to be elastic and more easily stretched and lengthened during which state? (Page 609)

Sol state

609–612

1

What is the medium for transport of nutrients, cellular wastes, hormones, and gases between the bloodstream and the cells? (Page 609)

Ground substance

2

Every muscle cell is surrounded by ________ and arranged in parallel with other muscle cells into bundles or fascicles. (Page 610)

Endomysium

3

The mechanical stimulation of which specific receptors is known to inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity? (Page 610)

Ruffini Type II

4

Restricted fascia is indicated in all of the following except: (Page 611)  elevated ilium, tilted pelvis, rotated shoulder, or extended phalanges

Extended phalanges

5

________ is also known as tissue excursion. (Page 612)

Fascial glide

613–617

1

Define the property of a substance to soften as a result of warmth and manipulation and to harden in their absence. (Page 613)

Thixotropy

2

Collagen fibers in connective tissue generate ________ that is conducted through the connective tissue. (Page 613)

Piezoelectricity

3

Skin rolling is an example of what type of myofascial technique? (Page 614)

Direct

4

 J-Strokes are an example of what type of myofascial technique? (Page 617)

Direct

5

The ________ is a stroke that can be used to elongate contracted muscles or to stretch, separate, and align constricted fascia. (Page 617)

J-Stroke

619–624

1

By what other clinical name is transverse friction commonly identified in manual therapy? (Page 619)

Cross-fiber friction (or transverse friction)

2

Which technique reduces fascial adhesions while promoting the formation of pliable scar tissue at injury sites? (Page 619)

Cross-fiber friction

3

Define the longitudinal stretching technique used to release fascial restrictions throughout an entire limb. (Page 621)

Traction

4

The areas where fascia transverses the body cavities include all of the following except: latissimus dorsi, pelvic floor, respiratory diaphragm, or thoracic inlet. (Page 623) 

Latissimus dorsi

5

Myofascial interventions targeting the respiratory diaphragm are primarily focused on which vertebrae (Page 624)

 T11- L1