NMT 1
Define Neurophysiologic Therapies
What are systems that recognize the importance of neurologic feedback between the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system in maintaining proper tone and function.
Which of the following is NOT a primary technique for NMT.
(superficial gliding) (ischemic compression) (muscle energy technique) (deep gliding)
What is MET?
This pressure is ineffective in trigger point pressure release because it cannot illicit a hypersensitive response.
What is light?
When the key trigger point is inactivated the _____________ trigger point is also inactivated
What is satallite?
The motor endplate is generally located in the _____________ of the muscle fiber.
What is middle?
___________ palpation is done either in line with or perpendicularly across the fibers of the muscle tissue.
What is flat?
All of the following are therapeutic modalities used by massage therapists to reduce trigger point activity, EXCEPT
(acupuncture) (ischemic compression) (MET) (Positional Release)
What is acupuncture?
Explain how neurophysiologic therapies work
What are methods of asssessing tissues, delivering soft tissue manipulation techniques to normalize the tissues and reprogram the neurologic loop to reduce pain and improve function.
This neurologic law states that weak stimuli activate physiologic processes, whereas strong stimuli inhibit them
What is Arndt Schultz Law?
Trigger points are _____________ nodules associated with dysfunctional contractile tissue that illicit a pain or other parasthesia response when digital pressure is applied.
What is hyperirritable?
A __________________ trigger point can become an active trigger point with continued stress.
What is latent myofascial?
Trigger points can be formed by any of the following except:
(muscle overload) (mental/emotional stress) (arthritic conditions) (contraction of a muscle)
What is contraction of a muscle?
Which of the following is not a massage method that can be combined to address and release trigger points effectively
(jostling technique) (positional release technique) (MET) (ischemic compress or trigger point pressure release technique)
What is jostling technique?
Another term for trigger point pressure release
What is ischemic compression?
Neurophysiologic therapies include these 5 techniques
What are Trigger Point Therapy, NMT, MET, PRT, myofascial techniques.
This neurologic law explains that the activation of nerves that do not transmit pain signals can interfere with signals from pain fibers and inhibit a persons perception of pain
What is Gate Control Theory for Pain?
__________________ palpation can be used on areas such as the upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle. to deactivate trigger points.
What is pincer?
This classification of trigger point can become a latent trigger point if aggrevationg circumstances are reduced
What is active myofascial?
According to the trigger point endplate theory, strain, overuse or trauma causes the nerve endplate at the neuromuscular junction to release ______________, which initiates the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach)
What is calcium?
________________ involves digital pressure directly into a trigger point.
What is ischemic compression?
By what percent does the sensitivity of a trigger point decrease when a position for release is acheived?
What is 70-100?
This neurophysiologic technique was developed in the 1930s by Stanley Leif in England
What is Neuromuscular Theray (NMT)?
This is the primary technique of NMT that generally uses the thumb to move across, along and through the tissues.
What is gliding?
Active stretching is also known as this
What is MET?
A _______ trigger point is located at the musculotendinous junction or at the osseous attachment of the muscle and is thought to be caused by the continous tension of the taut band caused by a central trigger point.
What is attachment?
By definition, when pressure is applied to them, trigger points exhibit ___________ pain or other sensations to a target zone that is often recognized by the client.
What is referred?
Ischemia around central trigger points is addressed with repeated __________ strokes to increase circulation to and flush out the area
What is gliding?
How long do Jones & Chaitow suggest holding a position after the preferred position is achieved?
What is 60-90 seconds?
Neuromuscular lesions are usually hypersensitive to this and are often associated with trigger points.
What is pressure?
This neurological law states that spinal cord reflexes can be initiated by pressure along the spine.
What is Bells Law?
This classification of trigger point can appear in the pain referral area OR in the antagonist or synergist muscles to the muscle housing the primary trigger point
What is satellite?
A __________ trigger point in one muscle, can activate a satellite trigger point in another muscle.
What is primary?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of a trigger point in a muscle.
(numbness when pressure is applied) (presence of a tender nodule) (taut, palpable band in the muscle) (increased range of motion in the surrounding tissue)
What is increased ROM in the surrounding tissue?
All of the following criteria are used to determine the appropriate amount of pressure to deactivate a trigger point EXCEPT:
(the sensitivity of the client) (the age of the client) (the area of the body) (the condition of the trigger point)
What is the age of the client?
This usually indicates some degree of dysfunction in associated tissues or organs
What is general tenderness?
This neurological law states that after a nerve impulse has traveled through a certain set of neurons, future impulses will tend to travel the same pathway.
What is the Law of Facilitation?
________________ trigger point referral areas are very predictable and have been mapped by Travell and Simons in Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction.
What is active?
A _______ trigger point forms as a direct result of the dysfunction of the primary myofascial trigger point.
What is satellite?
In the case of ____________, the client usually can describe the activity that initiated the pain
What is single incident onset?
Ischemic compression was popularized by Bonnie Prudden and is used extensively in teh practice of ________________ and NMT.
What is myotherapy?
This neurologic law explains the tendency of repeated pain patterns in the same area and why trigger points tend to return to those areas.
What is the Law of Facilitation?
This neurological law states that the nerve that innervates a joint also innervates the muscles of that joint and the skin over the insertions of those muscles.
What is Hiltons Law?
Trigger points can be located in all of the following except:
(fascia) (ligaments and joint capsules) (skin and scars) (bone)
What are bones?
A _____________ trigger point is a hypersensitive spot associated with a palpable nodule located in a taut muscle band that prevents full lengthening of the muscle and sends pain or other definable sensations to referral areas when digitally compressed.
What is active myofascial?
Trigger points with a ____________ are often the result of chronic overload to a muscle, and identifying the cause might be more difficult
What is gradual onset?
This person coined the term " myotherapy in the 1980s
Who is Bonnie Prudden?
This neurological law states that the anterior or ventral roots of the spinal nerves are motor and the posterior or dorsal roots are sensory.
What is Bell's Law?
This neurological law explains how a stimulus that activates only non nociceptive nerves can inhibit pain
What is Gate Control Theory?
A ____________________ trigger point has all the same characteristics as an active trigger point except the person's familiarity with the pattern of pain referral.
What is latent myofascial?
A _______ trigger point is an active or latent myofascial trigger point that is located near the center of the muscle fiber and is closely associated with the motor endplate that activates the muscle.
What is central?
____________ palpation is employed in areas where the muscle tissue can be picked up between the thumb and fingers of the same hand
What is pincer?
After a trigger point is inactivated, the muscle that housed the trigger point muscle must be restored to ___________
What is normal resting length?