Complete this APA statement for this one-way ANOVA output in SPSS:
F( , )=___, p_____
We (retain/reject) the null hypothesis.
F(2,27)= 4.47, p= .021. We reject the null hypothesis.
In multiple regression analyses, proportion of variance accounted for is indicated by this symbol.
Hint: Be specific!
What is R2?
Whether or not the audience has an effect on individuals depends on levels of the ______ factor. This is called a _______ effect.
What is self esteem?
What is an interaction effect?
This is the procedure you do before including categorical (nominal) variables as predictors in a regression analysis.
What is dummy coding?
One possible reason for why birds migrate and others maintain year-round residency in a single location is intelligence. Specifically, birds with small brains, relative to their body size, are simply not smart enough to find food during the winter and must migrate to warmer climates where food is easily available (Sol et al., 2005). Birds with bigger brains, on the other hand, are more creative and can find food even when the weather turns harsh. Use this kind of test to compare brain sizes across three samples of birds: Non-Migrating, Short-Distance Migrants, and Long-Distance Migrants.
What is a one-way ANOVA?
Sales figures show a positive relationship between temperature and ice cream consumption; as temperature increases, ice cream consumption also increases. You find that when temperature increases, both ice cream consumption and crime rates tend to increase. Use this kind of analysis to determine the true relationship between ice cream consumption and crime rate.
What is correlation?
True or False: According to this Bonferroni comparisions output, all group means ( Under 40; 40-59; and 60 and over) are statistically significantly different from each other at the .05 level.
What is true?
Complete the following sentence using the SPSS output for a simple linear regression:
For every one SD increase in hours slept, happy mood should increase by __ SD units.
For every one SD increase in hours slept, happy mood should increase by .853 SD units.
For Result B we find:
What is an interaction effect?
No main effects.
The ___ gives the predicted change in Y for every one unit increase in X.
What is slope (b, regression coefficient, etc.)?
A pharmaceutical company has developed a drug that is expected to reduce hunger. To test the drug, two samples of rats are selected with n=20 in each sample. The rats in the first sample receive the drug every day and those in the second sample are given the placebo. The dependent variable is the amount of food eaten by each rat over a 1-month period.
BOTH of these hypothesis tests could help us determine significant differences between these two groups.
What are:
t-test for independent samples &
one-way ANOVA?
Participants in a study on delayed discounting were asked how much they would take today instead of waiting for a specific delay period to receive $1,000. Each participant responds at 1 month and 6 months.
Use this kind of hypothesis test to determine whether there are significant differences among the different delay periods.
What is a repeated measures t-test? (dependent samples t-test)
Based on this SPSS output for a t-test for independent means, you would use this t obtained value. Fill in the blanks here: t( )= ______, p_____
What is -3.656?
t(169.70)= -3.656, p<.001
Use the multiple regression output below to complete the following unstandardized regression equation:
What is :
For Result C, we find:
What is a main effect of task difficulty?
What is a main effect of arousal?
There is no interaction.
This classic statistical GLM procedure is useful when all of the independent variables are factors (qualitative variables).
What is ANOVA (Analysis of Variance).
1) Use this kind of test to determine homogeneity of variance for two independent samples?
2) Researchers ideally want to (retain/reject) the null hypothesis for this kind of hypothesis test.
You must get both parts correct to score on this question.
What is the Levene's Test for Equality of Variances?
What is retain the null?
The distribution of scores on the SAT is approximately normal with a mean of µ=500 and a population standard deviation is σ=10. What would we do to determine what score would someone need to end up in the top 40%?
Z Score Conversion to Raw Score/ Probability
This degrees of freedom is used to compute F statistics for all three hypotheses investigated in this two-way ANOVA. Give the exact value.:
What is 92? (dfError)
Complete the following statement using the multiple regression SPSS output below:
There were __ predictors in the equation (____ and ___). The DV was ____. The omnibus model could account for ____% of variance in the DV.
There were two predictors in the equation (YearsService and Responsibility). The DV was Satisfaction. The omnibus model could account for 34.6% of variance in the DV.
Use the SPSS output below to complete the following statement:
The first main effect tested ______ (was/was not) statistically significant.
The second main effect tested ______ (was/was not) statistically significant.
The interaction effect of ______ X _____ (was/was not) statistically significant.
The first main effect tested, Sensitivity, was not statistically significant.
The second main effect tested, Test Difficulty, was statistically significant.
The interaction effect of Sensitivity X Test Difficulty was statistically significant.
_____s may be used to compare the relative predictive effects of independent variables. (credit given in the creation of y-hat)
What are beta weights?
Also acceptable: standardized weights, standardized regression coefficients
A developmental psychologist is examining the development of language skills from age 2 to 4. Three different groups of children are obtained, one for each age, with n=16 children in each group. Each child is given a language-skills assessment test. This kind of test would be used to determine mean differences between age groups.
What is a one-way ANOVA?
After obtaining a significant result for an omnibus ANOVA for three different groups, you will follow up with this kind of analysis to determine the significant mean differences.
Hint: Just provide the general term.
***Also, know what an omnibus ANOVA is!!!
What is a post hoc test?
Complete the following sentence using the SPSS output for a simple linear regression: The __ weight would yield the same numerical value as ____ because there are no other predictors in the equation.
The beta weight would yield the same numerical value as Pearson's r because there are no other predictors in the equation.
In multiple regression, the ___ ____ coefficients tell us the proportion of the explained effect that can be accounted for by a single predictor, regardless of the contributions of other predictors in the same regression equation.
These coefficients are useful when there is some degree of correlation among our predictors because it tells us the relationship a variable has with y-hat.
What is the squared structure coefficient?
rs2= the proportion of the effect that can be explained by the predictor alone
A store manager says, "how old people are doesn't matter, it's how long they spend in the store." If she said that after seeing the results of one of these, she was most likely looking at this scenario.
What is none of the above?
True or False:
A GLM analysis applied to a non-experimental procedure does not permit us to make inferences about causality (e.g., X --> Y).
What is true?
Three criteria need to be met to establish causality:
1) temporal precedence (i.e., X must precede Y)
2) correlation between X & Y
3) rule out all other potential causes
A researcher is planning a study comparing Facebook users with non-Facebook users at the middle school, high school and college levels. The results are presented in a matrix of 6 groups. The researcher should use this kind of test to evaluate the mean differences.
Hint: Be VERY specific.
What is a 2 (Facebook User; Non-Facebook User) x 3 (Middle School; High School; College) factorial analysis of variance?
Use this kind of test to determine the effect of Number of Churches (X1) and Population Size (X2) on Number of Crimes (Y).
Hint: The IVs are continuous variables, not nominal.
What is multiple regression?
Take a look at this syntax and describe what the command, "/SAVE PRED" is creating to show up in the data view of your SPSS file.
Say something like:
What are y-hats?
This is one assumption we can test for in a regression analysis using the syntax line "/SCATTERPLOT = (*ZRESID, *ZPRED)
Say one of the following:
1) Homoscedasticity (constant error variance)
2) Outliers
3) Make conclusions about linearity
Here are the characteristics of a well-behaved residual vs. fits plot and what they suggest about the appropriateness of the simple linear regression model:
True or False: There is a main effect of the Exercise condition and the Diet condition.
What is false?
The Pearson r value between an IV and a DV is the same as beta for the IV when there is only one predictor in a regression, OR when the predictors are ____.
What is orthogonal? (not correlated)
You would use this kind of analysis if you had one categorical independent variable and a normally distributed continuous dependent variable that was repeated at least twice for each subject. This is the equivalent of the paired samples t-test, but allows for two or more levels of the categorical variable.
What is a split-plot ANOVA?
Also acceptable:
Mixed-Design ANOVA
Between & Within Subjects Design
Say, for instance, you wish to understand the effect of gender, reading scores and social studies scores on writing ability (an ordinal variable: high, medium, low).
True or False: It is appropriate to proceed with a standard multiple regression.
FALSE!
This is a scenario that should be answered using analyses beyond the general linear model! For instance: Ordinal logistic regression.