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Proteins that control progression of the cell cycle
What are cyclins?
Form the basis of organic life (organic compounds) due to their capacity to form four covalent bonds and allows a diversity of stable compounds to exist.
What is carbon?
Lipids used for long-term energy storage, and are composed of a glycerol molecule covalently linked to three fatty acid chains via condensation reactions.
What are triglycerides?
These are amino acids linked together
What is a polypeptide?
The complementary region on the enzyme's surface where substrates bind to
This experiment replicated the conditions of a pre-biotic Earth in order to synthesise organic molecules.
What is the Miller-Urey Experiment?
Describes the totality of chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
What is metabolism?
These fatty acids possess double bonds and are generally liquid at room temperature
The overall three-dimensional arrangement of a polypeptide; determined by interactions between variable side chains
What is the tertiary structure?
Enzyme and substrate complement each other precisely in terms of both their shape and chemical properties
Uncontrolled 'cell homicide' wherein the cells loses functional control due to injury, toxins, etc.
What is necrosis?
The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, that involves hydrolysis reactions
What is catabolism?
What is a trans isomer?
The totality of all proteins that are expressed within a cell, tissue or organism at a certain time
What is the proteome?
Active site is not a rigid fit for the substrate and changes its conformation to better accommodate the substrate
What is the Induced Fit Model?
A measure of the proliferative status of a cell population (i.e. the ratio of the number of dividing cells and the total number of cells).
What is the mitotic index?
This doctrine dictated that organic molecules could only be synthesised by living systems through a "vital force".
These lipoproteins scavenge excess cholesterol and return it to the lover for disposal are are good for the body
What are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)?
The structural change in a protein that results in the loss (usually permanent) of its biological properties
What is denaturation?
The factor that increases enzyme activity but plateaus at a certain point when active sites get saturated
What is substrate concentration?
In cancer development, mutagens are agents that change the genetic material of cells. Cancers are caused by mutations of two classes of genes: this gene stimulates cell growth and proliferation.
What is a proto-oncogene?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
What are biomacromolecules?
High levels of blood cholesterol can cause this disease that occurs when plaque builds up inside arteries
What is atherosclerosis?
Folding into repeat patters (alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheet) by hydrogen bonds between amine and carboxyl groups
What is the secondary structure?
Fixed to a static surface to prevent enzyme loss and improves separation of product and purity of yield; used in the production of lactose-free milk
What are immobilised enzymes?