Anatomy
1. The sacrum is _______ to the lumbar vertebrae.
Inferior
For AP axial, what CR angulation is used for SI joints?
30-35 degrees
What is the required CR angulation for an AP Axial Projection of Sacrum?
15 degrees cephalad
When positioning for a lateral view of coccyx, what body part/s you need to ensure that no rotation exists?
Thorax or pelvis
What is the breathing instructions for sacrum and coccyx imaging?
suspended respiration
2. The sacrum is said to resemble what tool?
Shovel
Where do you center for an AP axial projection of the SI joints?
2 inches below the level of the ASIS
2. Where is the central ray centered for a Lateral Position of Sacrum and Coccyx?
3 to 4 inches posterior to ASIS
Superimposed greater sciatic notches and femoral heads mean no rotation indicated on what position?
Lateral position:Sacrum & Coccyx
what reduces patient dose when imaging the sacrum and coccyx?
close collimation
3. When viewed posteriorly is the sacrum convex or concave?
Convex
What CR angulation will best demonstrate the inferior and distal park of the SI joint in an oblique position?
15-20 degrees
Where is the central ray centered for an AP Axial Projection of a Sacrum?
2 inches superior to pubic symphysis
What projection is it when patient is in supine position with arms at side, head on pillow and legs extended?
AP Axial: Sacrum & Coccyx
What 3 factors should be considered before imaging the sacrum and coccyx?
urinate, evacuate, gas relief
4. Name the 2 bony lateral projections of the coccyx.
Transverse processes
How much body obliquity is needed for an RPO?
20-30 degrees
How is the central ray be projected in relation to IR for a Lateral Position of Coccyx?
Perpendicular to IR
What view being taken when patient is in recumbent position, with head on pillow and knees flexed?
Lateral
The coccyx projects into the _____ _____ in women.
birth canal
5. What is another name for the sacral horns?
Cornua
For a PA axial projection, what is the CR angulation?
30-35 degrees caudad
What amount and direction of CR angulation is required for an AP Axial Projection of a Coccyx when the patient is in prone position?
10 degrees cephalad
For an AP Axial Projection, coccyx should appear ______ from the lateral walls of the pelvic opening to indicate no patient rotation.
equidistant
How is the coccyx most commonly fractured?
direct blow to the lower vertebral column when in a sitting position.