Chemistry
Parts per thousand (ppm).
Which unit is salinity measured in?
Ocean floor, volcanic activity and rivers
What are the three sources of salinity in the ocean?
Because if they have too much or too little salt, the fish will die. Just like humans!
Why do many fish control their salt levels?
A body of water where salt and freshwater meet.
What is an estuary?
These type of fish are called stenohaline fish. For example, the haddock is a stenohaline fish.
What are fish that can not survive a large change in salinity?
35 ppt.
What is the average salinity of open oceans?
4 billion tons.
The rivers carry this much salt into the ocean annually.
Any organism that actively maintains their salt levels. Humans use their kidneys to osmoregulate their body.
What is an osmoregulator?
The salinity increases and nutrients decrease in the estuary.
When the amount of freshwater from the river decreases, what happens to the estuary?
A solution where there are more salts outside the cell than inside the cell.
What is a hypertonic solution?
This process is called dryland salinity.
When land clearing occurs, the water table is boosted due to precipitation and pushes salinity to the surface.
These salts , proportion-wise are much more abundant in our oceans than in our rivers.
This is the flow of water across a cell membrane because of differences in the concentration of water.
What is osmosis?
What is the most abundant salt?
Proportionally, these three dissolved minerals are much more abundant in rivers than in the oceans.
Describe the distribution of calcium, bicarbonate and silica in the world's water system.
Drink heaps of water, pump out salt in the gills and urine.
What are some adaptations fish use to prevent salinity dehydration?
This is the name for organisms that match their internal salt concentration with the environmental salt concentration.
What is an osmo-conformer?
H20 + CO2 = H2CO3
Yes. This is why the silica content in the oceans is very low compared to oceans.
Do diatoms (a type of phytoplankton) use silica to make their home?
The formation of shells, crab and lobster exoskeletons and coral reefs need these two minerals.
Which biological processes in crustaceans and coral need sodium and bicarbonate?