Case Closed
This case ruled that federal courts have the authority to enforce the 14th amendment if the state legislative districts are disproportionately populated.
What is Baker v Carr?
This is the article of the constitution that establishes the roles of the legislative branch.
What is Article I?
This is a rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect and formal status of legislation.
What is an executive order?
Part of the constitution that gives Congress "implied powers." AKA Elastic clause.
What is the necessary and proper clause?
This document advocates for the confederation of states, with an extremely limited central government. Places limitations upon the central government rendering it ineffective at governing the continually growing American states.
In 1962, this case ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the Establishment Clause.
What is Engel v Vitale?
This group can ratify treaties, try impeachments, and serve a term of 6 years.
What is the Senate?
These are some of the roles of the President.
What is commander in chief, chief legislator, head of state, and chief party leader?
This created the separation of church and state.
What is the Establishment clause of the first amendment?
This document proposes a government broken into three branches, which are responsible for overseeing the actions of each other. Discusses that the legislative branch must be split further because it is the most powerful. "If men were angels, no government would be necessary."
What is Federalist 51?
In 1963, this case ruled that defendants have the right to a lawyer under the due process clause.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
This power, given to congress, is known as the Power of the Purse.
What is creating the final budget for the federal government?
This is the ability of the president to command media coverage and focus the public's attention on issues he or she wishes to prioritize.
What is the bully pulpit?
This generally protects citizens from unequal treatment under the law.
What is the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment?
This document was used to argue that demonstrators have a duty to fight for justice, to take charge and fight for equality. Discusses the immorality of segregation and predicts the success of the civil rights movement.
What is the Letter from Birmingham Jail?
In 1993, this case ruled that while redistricting may take race into account and must not violate the Voting Rights Act, race cannot be the primary consideration when a jurisdiction redraws legislative district lines.
What is Shaw v Reno?
This congressional body is in charge of reconciling differences of similar bills passed in both houses, and is comprised of members from both houses.
What is the Conference Committee?
This allows the federal bureaucracy to establish regulations that provide more specific guidance on how government programs should operate or how a policy will be implemented.
What is rule-making authority?
This protects citizens from arbitrary government action. Has also been used to support the right to privacy, an unenumerated right held by the people, and to expand other rights.
This document states that a strong, united republic would be more effective than the individual states at controlling “factions." Discusses that a large republic will help control factions because when more representatives are elected, there will be a greater number of opinions.
What is Federalist 10?
In 1969, this ruled case that expressive acts, including wearing of arm bands in protest, were protected by the First Amendment, including when such actions are taken by public school students.
What is Tinker v Des Moines?
Pigeonholed, turned down by the committee, and pocket vetoed are three ways to do this.
What are ways to kill a bill?
This is a political stalemate or deadlock. Coming to an agreement is very difficult.
What is a gridlock?
For a law to be constitutional under this test it must have a secular legislative purpose, not inhibit or advance religion, and must not create excessive entanglement between church and state.
What is the "Lemon Test?"
This document is an Antifederalist series of essays designed to encourage New Yorkers to reject the proposed Constitution. Discusses that congress possesses far too much power, and that a free republic cannot exist in such a large territory as the United States.
What is Brutus I?