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Vocabulary
Restriction Enzymes
Gene Cloning and DNA Sequencing
Transgenic Animals, Plants, and Bacteria
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
100
What is technology that involves manipulating DNA of one organism in order to insert exogenous DNA?
What is genetic engineering?
100
What is another name for a restriction enzyme?
What is an endonuclease?
100
Through the process of transformation, what can some of the bacterial cells take up?
What is recombinant plasmid DNA?
100
What are transgenic animals, such as mice and fruit flies, used to study?
What are diseases and ways to treat them?
100
What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction?
What is to make millions of copies of a specific region of DNA?
200
What is the total DNA present in the nucleus of each cell of an organism?
What is a genome?
200
After the restriction enzyme enters the bacteria, what does it cut into fragments?
What is viral DNA?
200
What can be produced through the process of cloning?
What are large numbers of identical bacteria, each containing the inserted DNA molecules?
200
What might transgenic organisms be used as a source for in the future?
What are organ transplants?
200
What can PCR's extreme sensitivity detect?
What is a single DNA molecule in a sample?
300
What are the proteins in cells that recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences and cleave the DNA within that sequence?
What are restriction enzymes?
300
Why are the ends of the DNA fragments created by EcoRI called sticky ends?
What is they contain single-stranded DNA that is complementary?
300
What can the sequence of a gene be used to predict?
What is the function of a gene?
300
What have many species of plants been genetically engineered to be resistant to?
What are insect or viral pests?
300
PCR is useful because this single DNA molecule can be ________, or amplified, numerous times to be used for DNA ________.
What is copied, analysis?
400
What is the process in which an electric current is used to separate DNA fragments according to the size of the fragments?
What is gel electrophoresis?
400
Why is the ability of some restriction enzymes to create fragments with sticky ends important?
What is these sticky ends can be joined together with other DNA fragments that have complementary sticky ends?
400
Why must the DNA molecules used for sequencing reactions first be cut into smaller fragments using restriction enzymes?
What is the genomes of most organisms are made up of millions of nucleotides?
400
What transgenic organism is used to make insulin, growth hormones, and substances that dissolve blood clots?
What is transgenic bacteria?
400
What is PCR a biological version of?
What is a copy machine?
500
What are organisms that are genetically engineered by inserting a gene from another organism?
What are transgenic organisms?
500
Other than sticky ends, what type of fragments can some enzymes produce?
What are blunt ends?
500
What is an example of an antibiotic that is coded for by a recombinant plasmid DNA?
What is ampicillin (AMP)?
500
Transgenic organisms slow the ________ of ice crystals on crops to protect them from ________ damage, clean up ________ more efficiently, and ________ garbage.
What is formation, frost, oil spills, decompose?
500
During each PCR cycle, the reaction mixture is heated to ________ the DNA strands and then cooled to allow ________ to bind to ________. The DNA ________ then adds ________ to form new DNA molecules.
What is separate, primers, complementary sequences, polymerase, nucleotides?