Research Methods
What is the difference between a population and a sample?
A population is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about. A sample is the specific group that you will collect data from.
Did Margaret Mead's research favour nature or nurture?
Nurture
What is the primary agent of socialization?
Family
Which type of operant conditioning is this: A grade 2 student is given a gold star every time they return their library book.
Positive Reinforcement
Who is most interested in a child's relationship with their family?
Sociologist
Define IV and DV.
The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study. The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable.
What are the three fields of cultural anthropology?
Archaeology
Linguistic Anthropology (historical, structural, sociolinguistic)
Ethnology Anthropology
List 3 social institutions.
Education, family, religion, government, law etc.
What is more important in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: physiological needs or love and belonging needs?
Physiological needs
Who would be interested in this question: Why does this person have a fear of abandonment?
Psychologist
List 2 pros and 2 cons for surveys?
Pros: not time consuming, inexpensive, get large sample, questions can be specific
Cons: people can lie, biased, need incentive
What are the three fields of physical anthropology?
Paleo anthropology
Primatology
Human variation
What is the difference between a norm and a value?
Norms – most prevalent/consistent behaviour (expectations about how people should behave “the proper way of doing things in society”)
Values - social principles accepted by a society as a whole or by groups within that society
Label the unconditioned stimulus: A person who hears a bell that sounds just like their recess bell from elementary school and becomes very excited.
recess
Which field is most interested in behaviour of different cultures?
Anthropologist
What are the 8 steps to the social science inquiry method?
Identify problem, focus, hypothesis, gather data, analyze data, crossroads, conclusion, reflection
What is the difference between ethnocentricm and cultural relativism?
Ethnocentrism judges other cultures where as cultural relativism respects all cultures for meeting needs of members.
What is structural functionalism? Name one important theorist.
States society is stable when all social institutions are working together. Theorist include Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons,
When a baby cries because they are hungry, is this their id, superego, or ego at play?
Id
Who would ask the question: In which area of the world do most people have polygamous relationships?
Anthropologist
Answers may vary. Ethical studies are one's that:
Respect for Persons
• Participants choose to whether or not to participate given adequate information about the study
• Protection for individuals who are not able to make decisions due to maturity, illness or disability
Beneficence
• Researchers must do no harm to the participants
• Researchers must maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harm
Justice
• Researchers must allow equal benefits from the study
What is ethnology and why is it important?
The study of different cultures through participant observation (involves immersing yourself in the culture of study).
Provide an example of cultural diffusion and explain how this leads to a global village?
Cultural diffusion ‐ the spreading of cultural ideas and behaviour from an original source to other places
Global village ‐ an international community where people are tied together by mass media, popular culture, and telecommunications
Which is the part of the personality that we see everyday: id, superego, or ego?
Who is most likely to ask: How is language acquired?
Anthropologist, Sociologist, or psychologist