Plurals & Possessives
The ______ are planning a picnic.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: organization's member's
B: organizations members
C: organization's members'
D: organization's members
D: organization's members
Born in 2015, ______
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: the Staten Island Zoo welcomed Earl, a baby lamb with panda-like markings
B: Earl, a baby lamb with panda-like markings, was a welcome addition to the Staten Island Zoo.
C: tourists flocked to the Staten Island Zoo to meet Earl, a baby lamb with panda-like markings.
D: a warm welcome from tourists was extended to Earl, a baby lamb with panda-like markings at the Staten Island Zoo.
B: Earl, a baby lamb with panda-like markings, was a welcome addition to the Staten Island Zoo.
The alpaca was domesticated by Indigenous peoples in the Andes about 7,000 years ago. But which wild species did it descend from, the vicuña or guanaco? A research team led by Ruiwen Fan may have solved the mystery, concluding that the alpaca is the domesticated form of the vicuña but that the modern alpaca gets only 64 percent of its genetic material from its wild ancestor. The rest comes from the domesticated llama. The llama, meanwhile, gets 95.5 percent of its genetic material from its own wild ancestor, the guanaco, and the rest from the alpaca. The llama and alpaca apparently interbred widely for only a handful of generations between 400 and 600 years ago. Assuming that the findings of Fan’s team are valid, it can be inferred that ______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
Choose 1 answer:
A: modern llama populations have a greater degree of genetic diversity, on average, than modern alpaca populations do.
B: the domestication process of the alpaca may have involved some introduction of genetic material from the llama.
C: the period of interbreeding resulted in a greater genetic difference between alpacas and their wild ancestors than between llamas and their wild ancestors.
D: if they were subjected to genetic testing, modern populations of guanacos and vicuñas would likely show traces of ancient interbreeding as well.
C: the period of interbreeding resulted in a greater genetic difference between alpacas and their wild ancestors than between llamas and their wild ancestors.
During the Renaissance, artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo revolutionized the world of art with their innovative techniques, such as the use of detailed anatomical sketches and the application of perspective, which brought unprecedented accuracy and depth to their works. ______, in the field of science, contemporaneous figures such as Galileo and Newton transformed scientific inquiry with their pioneering methods of observation and experimentation, leading to discoveries in physics, mathematics, and astronomy that reshaped our understanding of the natural world—and how to study it.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
Choose 1 answer:
A: For instance,
B: To demonstrate,
C: Despite this,
D: Similarly,
D: Similarly,
Philosopher Peter Kivy was a leading figure in musical ______ evidenced by his belief that instead of evoking particular emotions, such as sadness or joy, compositions elicit a listener’s emotional response to the structure and artistry of the music itself, Kivy’s approach to the study of music was decidedly formalist.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: aesthetics as
B: aesthetics and as
C: aesthetics, as
D: aesthetics. As
D: aesthetics. As
Irène Joliot-Curie and her husband were the second married couple in history to win the Nobel Prize, after ______ thirty-two years earlier.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: Joliot-Curie’s parents won their award
B: Joliot-Curie's parents' won they're award
C: Joliot-Curies' parents won they're award
D: Joliot-Curie's parent's won their award
A: Joliot-Curie’s parents won their award
Primarily famous for Steppenwolf and Siddhartha, ______
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: the novel Demian was Hermann Hesse's contribution to the literary genre Bildungsroman, or coming-of-age novel.
B: Demian by Hermann Hesse is an influential contribution to the literary genre Bildungsroman, or coming-of-age novel.
C: the contribution to the literary genre Bildungsroman, or coming-of-age, with his novel Demian was another one of Hermann Hesse's accomplishments.
D: Hermann Hesse also contributed to the literary genre Bildungsroman, or coming-of-age, with his novel Demian.
D: Hermann Hesse also contributed to the literary genre Bildungsroman, or coming-of-age, with his novel Demian.
German theater practitioner Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956) believed that theater should elicit an intellectual rather than an emotional response from audiences, provoking them to consider social and political realities that extend beyond the characters and events depicted onstage. Brecht’s influence can be seen in English playwright Caryl Churchill’s 1979 play Cloud 9: although the play sometimes invites empathetic reactions, it primarily works to engage audiences in an interrogation of patriarchy and colonialism, which it does by placing audiences at a distance, thereby encouraging them to ______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A: reflect on social and political phenomena not directly related to patriarchy and colonialism.
B: focus on the characters’ beliefs about social and political issues as revealed by the characters’ actions.
C: be dispassionate as they think critically about the social and political questions raised by the play.
D: recognize pertinent social and political parallels between Germany during Brecht’s time and England at the time when Churchill was writing Cloud 9.
C: be dispassionate as they think critically about the social and political questions raised by the play.
In Asiya Wadud’s 2022 poem “Shorn, Treaded Red,” the poet contemplates a painting that has inspired her: Etel Adnan’s 2020 work Satellites 27. The painting, which features overlapping geometric shapes, fuels the poem’s exploration of temporality and identity. ______ in responding to Adnan’s artwork, Wadud’s poem reflects on the relationship between poetry and other art forms.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
Choose 1 answer:
A: In other words,
B: For instance,
C: What's more,
D: Conversely,
C: What's more,
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) tracks comparative price list data for its thirty-eight member countries. For instance, in July 2021, a hypothetical basket of goods priced at 100 US dollars (USD) in the United States would have cost 62 USD and 110 USD in fellow OECD ______ and Luxembourg, respectively.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: nations, Chile
B: nations; Chile
C: nations: Chile
D: nations Chile
D: nations Chile
______ have tiny black spots.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: Toby's cats paws
B: Toby's cats paw's
C: Toby's cat's paws
D: Tobys cat's paws
C: Toby's cat's paws
Writing to soothe his dark and troubled soul, ______
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: Edgar Allan Poe crafted "The Raven" as both a metaphysical poem and an ode to his deceased wife, Lenore.
B: "The Raven" was crafted by Edgar Allan Poe as both a metaphysical poem and an ode to his deceased wife.
C: both a metaphysical poem and an ode to his deceased wife were combined in "The Raven," crafted by Edgar Allan Poe.
D: a metaphysical poem titled "The Raven" was crafted by Edgar Allan Poe as an ode to his deceased wife.
A: Edgar Allan Poe crafted "The Raven" as both a metaphysical poem and an ode to his deceased wife, Lenore.
Scientists studying Mars long thought the history of its crust was relatively simple. One reason for this is that geologic and climate data collected by a spacecraft showed that the crust was largely composed of basalt, likely as a result of intense volcanic activity that brought about a magma ocean, which then cooled to form the planet’s surface. A study led by Valerie Payré focused on additional information—further analysis of data collected by the spacecraft and infrared wavelengths detected from Mars’s surface—that revealed the presence of surprisingly high concentrations of silica in certain regions on Mars. Since a planetary surface that formed in a mostly basaltic environment would be unlikely to contain large amounts of silica, Payré concluded that ______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
Choose 1 answer:
A: high silica concentrations on Mars likely formed from a different process than that which formed the crusts of other planets.
B: Mars’s crust likely formed as a result of other major geological events in addition to the cooling of a magma ocean.
C: having a clearer understanding of the composition of Mars’s crust and the processes by which it formed will provide more insight into how Earth’s crust formed.
D: the information about silica concentrations collected by the spacecraft is likely more reliable than the silica information gleaned from infrared wavelengths detected from Mars’s surface.
B: Mars’s crust likely formed as a result of other major geological events in addition to the cooling of a magma ocean.
In recent years, some economists have argued that gross domestic product (GDP) is an inadequate measure of a nation’s wellbeing, as it fails to account for factors such as income inequality and environmental degradation. _____ they have advocated the use of alternative metrics like the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), which adjusts GDP by factoring in the costs of crime, pollution, resource depletion, and other negative effects related to economic activity.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
Choose 1 answer:
A: To that end,
B: Nonetheless,
C: In short,
D: Likewise,
A: To that end,
The Austronesian language family includes Tagalog, Malagasy, and some 1,200 other languages throughout the Pacific, making it one of the largest language families in the world and of keen interest to ______ of the University of Toronto.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: linguist, Diane Massam,
B: linguist, Diane Massam
C: linguist Diane Massam
D: linguist: Diane Massam
C: linguist Diane Massam
When a bear invades a campsite, it will often open ______ and feast on their food.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: camper's coolers
B: campers coolers
C: campers' coolers
D: campers' cooler's
C: campers' coolers
Passed in response to consumer demand, ______
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: certain laws in the European Union mandate that Genetically Modified Organisms (or GMOs) must be labeled on food packaging.
B: the European Union mandates through certain laws that Genetically Modified Organisms (or GMOs) must be labeled on food packaging.
C: Genetically Modified Organisms (or GMOs) must be labeled on food packaging according to certain laws in the European Union.
D: food packaging in the European Union must be labeled according to certain laws if the product contains Genetically Modified Organisms (or GMOs).
A: certain laws in the European Union mandate that Genetically Modified Organisms (or GMOs) must be labeled on food packaging.
Tides can deposit large quantities of dead vegetation within a salt marsh, smothering healthy plants and leaving a salt panne—a depression devoid of plants that tends to trap standing water—in the marsh’s interior. Ecologist Kathryn Beheshti and colleagues found that burrowing crabs living within these pannes improve drainage by loosening the soil, leading the pannes to shrink as marsh plants move back in. At salt marsh edges, however, crab-induced soil loosening can promote marsh loss by accelerating erosion, suggesting that the burrowing action of crabs ______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
Choose 1 answer:
A: can be beneficial to marshes with small pannes but can be harmful to marshes with large pannes.
B: may promote increases in marsh plants or decreases in marsh plants, depending on the crabs’ location.
C: tends to be more heavily concentrated in areas of marsh interiors with standing water than at marsh edges.
D: varies in intensity depending on the size of the panne relative to the size of the surrounding marsh.
B: may promote increases in marsh plants or decreases in marsh plants, depending on the crabs’ location.
In a heated debate in biogeography, the field is divided between dispersalists and vicariancists. ______ there are those who argue that dispersal is the most crucial determining factor in a species’ distribution, and those who insist that vicariance (separation due to geographic barriers) is. Biogeographer Isabel Sanmartín counts herself among neither.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
Choose 1 answer:
A: Furthermore,
B: By contrast,
C: Similarly,
D: That is,
D: That is,
The pedagogy of the Suzuki method is rooted in several central ______ by Japanese violinist Shinichi Suzuki, who sought to parallel the linguistic learning environment, the method emphasizes playing instruments from a very young age and teaches students as young as three to play simple classical pieces such as “March in G.”
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: tenets. Developed
B: tenets developed
C: tenets that, developed
D: tenets, developed
A: tenets. Developed
After a catastrophic storm, charitable organizations will help repair both ______.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: a resident home and a shop owner storefront
B: a residents home and a shop owners storefront
C: a resident's home and a shop owners storefront
D: a resident's home and a shop owner's storefront
D: a resident's home and a shop owner's storefront
Disappointed but understanding, ______
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: C.B. Wells' book tour was cancelled so he could spend time with his newborn daughter, and his fans praised him.
B: fans praised C.B. Wells when he cancelled his book tour to spend time with his newborn daughter.
C: the birth of C.B. Wells' daughter led fans to praise him when he cancelled his book tour to spend time with her.
D: C.B. Wells' decision to cancel his book tour to spend time with his newborn daughter was praised by his fans.
B: fans praised C.B. Wells when he cancelled his book tour to spend time with his newborn daughter.
The Mammillaria cactus M. boolii occurs naturally only in the state of Sonora in Mexico, and the smallness of its range makes it especially vulnerable to extinction. The traditional single-species approach to conservation emphasizes the need to focus on individual species most at risk, like M. boolii, but recently, conservationists have argued that an ecosystem-based approach that incorporates the many interactions between the climate, terrain, and various species of a given geographical area may lead to better outcomes for all the species in a given location. If this view is correct, the single-species approach to the conservation of M. boolii could thus ______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
Choose 1 answer:
A: lead to a better understanding of how the distribution of Mammillaria species throughout Mexico has affected their survival.
B: allow conservationists to better consider how climatic changes affecting Sonora may reduce the number of species competing with M. boolii.
C: erroneously shift the focus of conservation efforts away from M. boolii itself.
D: fail to consider the ways in which the survival of M. boolii may be influenced by changes in the populations of other species that inhabit Sonora.
D: fail to consider the ways in which the survival of M. boolii may be influenced by changes in the populations of other species that inhabit Sonora.
When one looks at the dark craggy vistas in Hitoshi Fugo’s evocative photo series, one’s mind might wander off to the cratered surfaces of faraway planets. ______ it’s the series’ title, Flying Frying Pan, that brings one back to Earth, reminding the viewer that each photo is actually a close-up view of a familiar household object: a frying pan.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
Choose 1 answer:
A: Alternatively,
B: Consequently,
C: Ultimately,
D: Additionally,
C: Ultimately,
As a behavioral economist, Katy Milkman of the University of Pennsylvania recognizes that people sometimes make irrational economic decisions. Milkman’s research can thus address anomalies that neoclassical economic ______ assume that people are consistently rational decision-makers—cannot explain.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Choose 1 answer:
A: models—which
B: models, which
C: models which
D: models which—
A: models—which