Punctuation
The Greek philosopher Socrates gained a reputation not through written works or public declarations but through pointed questions. For instance, when a general claimed to understand courage or a politician professed knowledge of justice, Socrates would ask them to define their terms and provide ___ they often struggled to fulfill.
A) examples. Requests
B) examples? Requests
C) examples; requests
D) examples, requests
The Greek philosopher Socrates gained a reputation not through written works or public declarations but through pointed questions. For instance, when a general claimed to understand courage or a politician professed knowledge of justice, Socrates would ask them to define their terms and provide ___ they often struggled to fulfill.
D) examples, requests
Radiohead, the alternative rock band from Oxfordshire, England, has been creating critically acclaimed music since 1986. The five members of the band _____ making music together since they were teenagers, and their widely celebrated album OK Computer has been praised for its artful blend of traditional and experimental elements.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) has been B) have been C) was D) is
Radiohead, the alternative rock band from Oxfordshire, England, has been creating critically acclaimed music since 1986. The five members of the band _____ making music together since they were teenagers, and their widely celebrated album OK Computer has been praised for its artful blend of traditional and experimental elements.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
B) have been
In 1588, the Spanish Armada, a powerful fleet of ships commanded by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, set sail to invade England. However, the English, under the leadership of Queen Elizabeth I and Sir Frances Drake, were able to defeat the Armada in a series of battles, marking a significant victory for the English navy and a turning point in the Anglo-Spanish War. Despite suffering heavy losses, _____ but the defeat strengthened England's position as a world power.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) for years to come the Armada continued to threaten England's shores,
B) the Armada continued to threaten England's shores for years to come,
C) England's shores were threatened by the Armada for years to come,
D) it was the Armada that continued to threaten England's shores for years to come,
In 1588, the Spanish Armada, a powerful fleet of ships commanded by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, set sail to invade England. However, the English, under the leadership of Queen Elizabeth I and Sir Frances Drake, were able to defeat the Armada in a series of battles, marking a significant victory for the English navy and a turning point in the Anglo-Spanish War. Despite suffering heavy losses, _____ but the defeat strengthened England's position as a world power.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
B) the Armada continued to threaten England's shores for years to come,
The movement of "Young British Artists" active in the 1990s elicited divisive reactions from the public. While some praised the transgressive attitude of the movement, others saw ____ which included a shark preserved in a tank of formaldehyde, as conceptual gimmicks unworthy of the galleries where they were displayed.
A) the works of these artists,
B) the works' of these artists,
C) the works of these artist's,
D) the works' of these artists'
The movement of "Young British Artists" active in the 1990s elicited divisive reactions from the public. While some praised the transgressive attitude of the movement, others saw ____ which included a shark preserved in a tank of formaldehyde, as conceptual gimmicks unworthy of the galleries where they were displayed.
A) the works of these artists,
People often join martial arts such as karate, judo, and taekwondo in order to increase their amount of weekly exercise in an interesting way. Those who participate for extended periods, though, typically cite the development of personal qualities-particularly _____ the reason they continue.
A) self-control—
B) self-control—as
C) self-control—which is
D) self-control— they say is
People often join martial arts such as karate, judo, and taekwondo in order to increase their amount of weekly exercise in an interesting way. Those who participate for extended periods, though, typically cite the development of personal qualities-particularly _____ the reason they continue.
B) self-control—as
Researchers have found that many animals are capable of a type of logical reasoning known as transitive inference, or deducing how items relate to one another based on comparisons between pairs. In laboratory studies, animals such as pigeons, monkeys, ____ fish, and even wasps have successfully completed tasks that require them to infer an order among items.
A) rats,
B) rats;
C) rats. And
D) rats -
Researchers have found that many animals are capable of a type of logical reasoning known as transitive inference, or deducing how items relate to one another based on comparisons between pairs. In laboratory studies, animals such as pigeons, monkeys, ____ fish, and even wasps have successfully completed tasks that require them to infer an order among items.
A) rats,
The Oscars is an annual ceremony that recognizes excellence in the film industry. Established in 1929, it has become one of the most prestigious awards in the entertainment industry, with winners receiving a golden statuette known as the Academy Award of Merit. The Oscars ceremony typically ____ place in February or March of each year, with nominees announed in the months leading up to the event.
Radiohead, the alternative rock band from Oxfordshire, England, has been creating critically acclaimed music since 1986. The five members of the band _____ making music together since they were teenagers, and their widely celebrated album OK Computer has been praised for its artful blend of traditional and experimental elements.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) take B) takes C) have taken D) are taking
The Oscars is an annual ceremony that recognizes excellence in the film industry. Established in 1929, it has become one of the most prestigious awards in the entertainment industry, with winners receiving a golden statuette known as the Academy Award of Merit. The Oscars ceremony typically ____ place in February or March of each year, with nominees announed in the months leading up to the event.
Radiohead, the alternative rock band from Oxfordshire, England, has been creating critically acclaimed music since 1986. The five members of the band _____ making music together since they were teenagers, and their widely celebrated album OK Computer has been praised for its artful blend of traditional and experimental elements.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
B) takes
In 1861, tensions between the North and South reached a breaking point when eleven Southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. The resulting Civil War, which lasted until 1865, was the deadliest conflict in American history. In the face of significant challenges, including the brutal battles of Antietam and Gettysburg, ____.
A) the Union was able to maintain its resolve and secure a decisive victory for the North
B) the Union's resolve was able to secure a decisive victory for the North
C) a decisive victory for the North was secured by the Union by maintaining its resolve
D) it was the Union that was able to maintain its resolve and secure a decisive victory for the North
In 1861, tensions between the North and South reached a breaking point when eleven Southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. The resulting Civil War, which lasted until 1865, was the deadliest conflict in American history. In the face of significant challenges, including the brutal battles of Antietam and Gettysburg, ____.
A) the Union was able to maintain its resolve and secure a decisive victory for the North
Ida Noddack (1896-1978) was a German chemist who made significant contributions to the field of nuclear chemistry. Unfortunately, ____ were largely overlooked during her lifetime, and she initially did not receive credit for her discovery of nuclear fission until scientists later confirmed the validity of the research.
A) Noddacks contributions
B) Noddack's contribution's
C) Noddacks' contributions
D) Noddack's contributions
Ida Noddack (1896-1978) was a German chemist who made significant contributions to the field of nuclear chemistry. Unfortunately, ____ were largely overlooked during her lifetime, and she initially did not receive credit for her discovery of nuclear fission until scientists later confirmed the validity of the research.
D) Noddack's contributions
Carpooling became increasingly popular during the 1970s oild crisis, with estimates suggesting at least 1 in 5 people carpooled to get to ____ as the crisis eased and gasoline prices stabilized, carpooling rates started to creep back down.
A) work however
B) work, however,
C) work, however.
D) work. However,
Carpooling became increasingly popular during the 1970s oild crisis, with estimates suggesting at least 1 in 5 people carpooled to get to ____ as the crisis eased and gasoline prices stabilized, carpooling rates started to creep back down.
D) work. However,
From the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, the British Empire expanded across continents, conquering people from North America to Australia. However, scholars Aziz Rahman, Mary Anne Clarke, and Sean Byrne have noted that Britain's colonial strategies were not first implemented _____ were first developed in Ireland.
A) abroad; but they
B) abroad and they
C) abroad: they
D) abroad, they
From the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, the British Empire expanded across continents, conquering people from North America to Australia. However, scholars Aziz Rahman, Mary Anne Clarke, and Sean Byrne have noted that Britain's colonial strategies were not first implemented _____ were first developed in Ireland.
C) abroad: they
The rough frog is a species of amphibian native to Australia. Currently, the frog’s range _____ parts of northern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) includes B) included C) will have included D) had included
The rough frog is a species of amphibian native to Australia. Currently, the frog’s range _____ parts of northern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland.
A) includes
An interdisciplinary field of criticism pioneered in the 1950s, _____, often through analysis of sources - graphic novels, political posters, and television dramas among them-neglected in traditional coursework.
A) social forces shape individual texts, as emphasized by "cultural studies"
B) individual texts shaped by social forces are emphasized by "cultural studies"
C) "cultural studies" emphasizes how social forces shape individual texts
D) the emphasis of "cultural studies" is on how social forces shape individual texts
An interdisciplinary field of criticism pioneered in the 1950s, _____, often through analysis of sources - graphic novels, political posters, and television dramas among them-neglected in traditional coursework.
C) "cultural studies" emphasizes how social forces shape individual texts
A survey is a process of collecting a small but representative sampling of responses on a given topic and extrapolating that information to what a larger group might think about it, since many ____ fall into basic patterns when looked at as a whole.
A) peoples' opinions
B) people's opinions
C) people's opinions'
D) peoples' opinions'
A survey is a process of collecting a small but representative sampling of responses on a given topic and extrapolating that information to what a larger group might think about it, since many ____ fall into basic patterns when looked at as a whole.
B) people's opinions
The idea that text message abbreviations have resulted in a "debased: form of communication has been challenged by James McWhorter. In one 2013 TED Talk lecture- the flippantly-titled "Txting Is Killing Language. JK!!!"-McWhorter gathered complaints about the debasement of spelling and _____ some are directly relevant to texting, while others date back hundreds of years, indicating that contemporary technologies are hardly the root causes of slipshod writing.
A) grammar;
B) grammar, with
C) grammar,
D) grammar: with
The idea that text message abbreviations have resulted in a "debased: form of communication has been challenged by James McWhorter. In one 2013 TED Talk lecture- the flippantly-titled "Txting Is Killing Language. JK!!!"-McWhorter gathered complaints about the debasement of spelling and _____ some are directly relevant to texting, while others date back hundreds of years, indicating that contemporary technologies are hardly the root causes of slipshod writing.
A) grammar;
Fred Rogers, the creator and host of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, used his television show to teach children kindness, empathy, and self-worth. Each episode featured gentle conversations, songs, and visits to the Neighborhood of Make-Believe and ended with a heartfelt ____ no person in the whole world like you, and I you just the way you are."
A) assurance. “There’s
B) assurance “There’s
C) assurance; “There’s
D) assurance: “There’s
Fred Rogers, the creator and host of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, used his television show to teach children kindness, empathy, and self-worth. Each episode featured gentle conversations, songs, and visits to the Neighborhood of Make-Believe and ended with a heartfelt ____ no person in the whole world like you, and I you just the way you are."
D) assurance: “There’s
When sunlight passes through a collection of suspended water droplets in the atmosphere, a rainbow appears due to the refraction and dispersion of the light, which _____ a spectrum of hues.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) create B) creates C) is creating. D) has created
When sunlight passes through a collection of suspended water droplets in the atmosphere, a rainbow appears due to the refraction and dispersion of the light, which _____ a spectrum of hues.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) create
Written as a satire of materialism with some whimsical touches, ___ the imaginary Washington family, whose wealth hinges on the mythical, mountainous diamond in Fitzgerald's title.
A) at the center of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s short story “The Diamond as Big as the Ritz” is
B) F. Scott Fitzgerald, with his short story “The Diamond as Big as the Ritz,” centers on
C) it was F. Scott Fitzgerald in his short story “The Diamond as Big as the Ritz” who centers on
D) F. Scott Fitzgerald’s short story “The Diamond as Big as the Ritz” centers on
Written as a satire of materialism with some whimsical touches, ___ the imaginary Washington family, whose wealth hinges on the mythical, mountainous diamond in Fitzgerald's title.
D) F. Scott Fitzgerald’s short story “The Diamond as Big as the Ritz” centers on
In the late nineteenth century, a team of archaeologists led by Jacques de Morgan uncovered numerous artifacts in Susiana, a region near southwestern Iran. The _____ shed light on the rich culture of the Elamite civilization that once thrived in the ancient city of Susa.
A) artifacts intricate designs
B) artifact's intricate designs
C) artifacts' intricate designs
D) artifacts' intricate designs'
In the late nineteenth century, a team of archaeologists led by Jacques de Morgan uncovered numerous artifacts in Susiana, a region near southwestern Iran. The _____ shed light on the rich culture of the Elamite civilization that once thrived in the ancient city of Susa.
C) artifacts' intricate designs
Henrietta Mann, a prominent figure in the field of Native American studies, made history by becoming the first Indigenous woman to assume leadership of Idian education programs at the Bureau of Indian Affairs. She also held a significant role on the board of the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, _____ recognition of her exceptional contributions, Mann was honored with the National Humanities Medal in 2023.
A) DC in
B) DC, in
C) DC. In
D) DC and in
Henrietta Mann, a prominent figure in the field of Native American studies, made history by becoming the first Indigenous woman to assume leadership of Idian education programs at the Bureau of Indian Affairs. She also held a significant role on the board of the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, _____ recognition of her exceptional contributions, Mann was honored with the National Humanities Medal in 2023.
C) DC. In
Researchers at the Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage recently documented an unusual behavior among a group of ______ blades of grass into their ears and leaving them there without any clear purpose. First adopted by a female chimp named Julie, the behavior persisted after her death, suggesting it had evolved into a cultural tradition.
A) chimpanzees and shoving
B) chimpanzees, shoving
C) chimpanzees; shoving
D) chimpanzees: shoving
Researchers at the Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage recently documented an unusual behavior among a group of ______ blades of grass into their ears and leaving them there without any clear purpose. First adopted by a female chimp named Julie, the behavior persisted after her death, suggesting it had evolved into a cultural tradition.
D) chimpanzees: shoving
Locomotion in snakes, as researchers who have observed the maneuvers of the dwarf reed snake as it crosses flat surfaces have found, _____ much more than mere slithering: this small species from Southeast Asia exhibits a "cartwheel" maneuvering, partly in order to pick up speed when escaping from predators.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) have involved B) involve C) can involve D) have been involved
Locomotion in snakes, as researchers who have observed the maneuvers of the dwarf reed snake as it crosses flat surfaces have found, _____ much more than mere slithering: this small species from Southeast Asia exhibits a "cartwheel" maneuvering, partly in order to pick up speed when escaping from predators.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
C) can involve
Lucia Garza is an anthropologist and archeologist who specializes in Latin American and urban anthropology. In a 2003 interview, ____
A) decorated with hundreds of sequins, Garza explained the meaning behind the colors and design of a Day of the Dead mask.
B) Garza explained the meaning, decorated with hundreds of sequins, behind the colors and design of a Day of the Dead mask.
C) Garza, decorated with hundreds of sequins, explained the meaning behind the colors and design of a Day of the Dead mask.
D) Garza explained the meaning behind the colors and design of a Day of the Dead mask decorated with hundreds of sequins.
Lucia Garza is an anthropologist and archeologist who specializes in Latin American and urban anthropology. In a 2003 interview, ____
D) Garza explained the meaning behind the colors and design of a Day of the Dead mask decorated with hundreds of sequins.
Called the "King of Country," country music singer and songwriter George Strait is considered one of the top-selling recording artists of all time. Since the 1980s, ______ have been consistently topping the Billboard charts, eventually earning Strait the distinction of having the most number one songs for any artist in any genre of music.
A) Straits songs
B) Strait's songs
C) Strait's songs'
D) Straits song's
Called the "King of Country," country music singer and songwriter George Strait is considered one of the top-selling recording artists of all time. Since the 1980s, ______ have been consistently topping the Billboard charts, eventually earning Strait the distinction of having the most number one songs for any artist in any genre of music.
B) Strait's songs
A) though, by:
B) though by
C) though, by
D) though: by
One premise of the standard model of the universe's formation is that matter does not concentrate too heavily in any one region of the cosmos. This tenet has been challenged, _____ the discovery of vast and super-concentrated galaxy clusters, including the Giant Arc first documented by Alexia Lopez in 2021.
C) though, by