Waves and Optics
What type of waves require a medium to travel through, such as sound waves?
What are mechanical waves?
What is the force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth?
What is gravity?
What is the unit used to measure angular speed in physics?
What is radians per second (rad/s)?
Define the term "density" in the context of physics.
What is the measure of mass per unit volume of a substance?
What is the formula to calculate speed?
What is speed = distance / time?
Define the term "frequency" in the context of waves.
What is the number of wave cycles that pass a fixed point in a given time, usually measured in hertz (Hz)?
Describe Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.
What is the law that states every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers?
Define the term "radian" and its relationship to a circle.
What is the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc whose length is equal to the circle's radius?
Describe the relationship between mass and weight.
What is mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity?
Describe the concept of the derivative in physics and its significance.
What is the rate of change of a quantity with respect to another and crucial in understanding motion, velocity, and acceleration?
Describe the concept of reflection in optics and provide an everyday example.
What is the bouncing back of light when it hits a surface, like seeing your reflection in a mirror?
If the mass of an object is doubled, how does its gravitational force change according to Newton's law?
What is the force becomes twice as strong?
Calculate the angular speed of a wheel that completes 10 revolutions in 4 seconds.
What is 5 π rad/s or approximately 15.71 rad/s?
Calculate the density of an object with a mass of 60 grams and a volume of 10 cubic centimeters.
What is 6 grams per cubic centimeter?
Calculate the area under a velocity-time graph representing uniform motion.
What is the displacement?
Calculate the wavelength of a wave with a frequency of 500 Hz and a speed of 350 m/s.
What is 0.7 meters (or 70 cm)?
Calculate the force of gravity between two objects with masses of 80 kg and 120 kg, separated by a distance of 5 meters. (Assume G = 6.674 ×10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2)
What is approximately 1.28×10^−7N?
Determine the angular acceleration of an object that changes its angular velocity from 2 rad/s to 8 rad/s in 3 seconds.
What is 2 rad/s²?
If an object has a weight of 100 N on Earth, what would be its weight on the moon? (Considering the moon's gravity is about 1/6th that of Earth's)
What is approximately 16.7 N?
Define the concept of center of mass and its application in physics.
What is the point in a system where the total mass can be considered to be concentrated and is vital in studying the overall motion of complex systems?
Explain the difference between constructive and destructive interference in the context of wave behavior.
What is constructive interference leads to an increase in amplitude when waves align, while destructive interference causes a decrease when waves are out of phase?
Explain Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
What are three laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun, including orbits being elliptical, areas being swept at an equal rate in equal time, and the square of the orbital period being proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of the orbit?
Explain Pascal's Principle and provide an application example.
What is the principle stating that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid, like in hydraulic systems used in car brakes?
Explain Archimedes' principle and provide an example of its application.
What is the principle stating that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, like in determining the buoyancy of a ship or submarine?
Explain the relationship between force and momentum, providing the relevant mathematical equation.
What is the impulse-momentum theorem stating that the change in momentum of an object is equal to the impulse applied to it, or mathematically, FΔt=Δ(mv)?