SB5 Ecology Review

Energy Flow & Webs

100

Give an example of something that would be considered an abiotic factor.

Rocks, temperature, precipitation, latitude, etc. (anything non-living)

200

Extinction of the ______________ of a community could lead to the extinction of other members of the community.

Keystone species

300

What is the first level of ecological organization that includes both abiotic and biotic factors?

Ecosystem

400

If the producers have 15,000 J of energy, how much will be available to the primary consumers?

1,500 J

500

If the secondary consumers in an ecosystem have 346 kcal of energy available to them, approximately how much was found in the autotroph level?

34,600 kcal

BGC Cycles

100

The only nutrient that does not have a reservoir in the atmosphere.

Phosphorus 

200

Name a process that is a part of the carbon-oxygen cycle.

Cellular respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition, decay, combustion

300

What types of organisms remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Autotrophs/producers

400

Name the process by which plants release water which evaporates from the surface of their leaves?

Transpiration

500

Name one way that nitrogen-fixation can take place.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots, lightning, industrial fixation (making fertilizer)

Population Ecology

100

The maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support.

Carrying capacity

200

Define a population.

A group of multiple individuals that all belong to the same species.

300

What is the name of the growth model that shows the effects of carrying capacity?

Logistic growth model

400

Name a density-dependent limiting factor.

Predation, competition, disease, etc.

500

As biodiversity of an ecosystem increases, what tends to happen to the sustainability of that ecosystem?

It increases

Succession & Adaptations

100

Name a process that would lead to secondary succession.

Forest fire, deforestation, tornado, hurricane, flood, etc.

200

What is the pioneer species in the case of primary succession?

Lichen

300

What adaptation might help an organism survive in a drought-prone environment?

. Thin leaves
. Deep root systems
. Short stems
. Bright flowers  

Deep root systems

400

Name one difference between primary and secondary succession?

Primary succession: starts with no soil (bare rock), lichens as pioneer species, starts after volcanic eruption or glaciers receding

Secondary: starts where there is soil left, starts after forest fire, hurricane, deforestation, tornado, flood, etc.

Human Impacts

100

An increase in deforestation will mostly likely cause a direct increase in what gas?

Carbon dioxide

200

What is the name of the process in which gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun? (keeps us "not too hot in the summer" and "not too cold in the winter")

Greenhouse gas effect

300

The zebra mussel is not native to the U.S., but was brought here on ships. It is now outcompeting native species and disrupting the ecosystem. What type of species is the zebra mussel?

Invasive species

400

Based on the phenomenon of bioaccumulation, a toxin in the ecosystem would MOST affect which trophic level?

Top predators

500

Name the primary cause of eutrophication in bodies of water.

Excessive nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus