Cellular Biology
This structure controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the cell membrane?
These single-celled organisms can be found in environments such as soil, water, and the human body.
What are bacteria?
This molecule contains the instructions needed to make proteins.
This organ pumps blood throughout the body.
What is the heart?
This process allows plants to convert light energy into chemical energy.
What is photosynthesis?
This organelle contains genetic material and controls cell activities.
What is the nucleus?
This type of microorganism requires a host cell to reproduce.
What is a virus?
The basic unit of heredity that carries genetic information is called this.
What is a gene?
These structures in the lungs are responsible for gas exchange.
What are alveoli?
This plant structure absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
What are roots?
This organelle produces ATP, the energy needed for cell processes.
What is the mitochondria?
These microorganisms are used to make products like bread, yogurt, and some medicines.
What are fungi / yeast?
This process produces reproductive cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
What is meiosis?
This organ produces insulin, which helps regulate blood glucose levels.
What is the pancreas?
These openings on leaves allow gases to move in and out of the plant.
What are stomata?
This process uses oxygen to break down glucose and release energy.
What is cellular respiration?
Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by these organisms
What are bacteria?
This technology allows scientists to make targeted changes to DNA.
What is CRISPR gene editing?
These finger-like structures in the small intestine increase nutrient absorption.
What are villi?
Explain why plants are considered the foundation of many ecosystems.
Plants produce their own food and provide energy for other organisms through food webs
A chemical prevents ribosomes from making proteins. Predict how this would affect a cell.
The cell would be unable to make proteins needed for growth, repair, and normal functions.
Scientists modify bacteria to produce human insulin. Identify one benefit and one possible concern of this technology.
Benefit: produces medicine efficiently. Concern: ethical issues or environmental risks related to modified organisms.
Explain why genetic variation is important for a population’s survival.
Genetic variation allows populations to adapt to environmental changes and increases the chance that some individuals survive challenges such as disease or climate changes.
Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to maintain homeostasis.
The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide, while the circulatory system transports oxygen to cells and removes waste products.
Humans remove large areas of forests for development. Describe two effects this can have on ecosystems.
Habitat loss, reduced biodiversity, disrupted food chains, increased carbon dioxide levels, and soil erosion.