Viruses & Bacteria
Are viruses alive? Why or why not?
No - cannot move, reproduce or grow on it's own
What do white blood cells do?
Engulf foreign particles by endocytosis.
What type of cells are protists made of?
Eukaryotic
What is an example of a helpful bacteria?
Recyclers (saprophytes), bio-remediation (bacteria that eat toxins/oil), probiotics
Protein capsid and nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
What are the FOUR external, first lines of defense of the immune system?
Eyes, Mouth, Skin, Nose
What are the two main components of fungi?
Hyphae and mycelium
What was the first antibiotic to be discovered?
Penicillin
What are the two kingdoms of bacteria and what is the main difference between the two?
Eubacteria: Regular everyday bacteria
Archaebacteria: Bacteria that live in extreme environments (Ex. volcanoes, hot springs, etc.)
What is an antigen?
Proteins and chemicals found on the outsdie of foreign invaders. (Viruses and bacteria)
What are the three general categories of Protists?
Animal-like, Plant-like, Fungi-like
What are the 6 kingdoms of life?
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista
In what ways can bacteria replicate? (Include the type of replication and it's specific name)
Asexual: "Binary Fission"
Sexual: "Conjugation"
How do anitbiotics kill bacteria? (Be specific and include multiple examples)
1. Stop cell wall formation
2. Dissolving bacterial cell membrane
3. Destroying bacterium's DNA or protein building machinery
How do fungi obtain nutrients?
Extracellular digestion > Must live on or near their food source.
What is the order of levels of classification?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What are the two replication cycles of viruses and what are the main differences between the two?
Lysogenic cycle: Virus remains dormant and is replicated by host cell. "Sneaky" cycle
Lytic cycle: Host cell replicated viral DNA and proteins, assembles viral particles until lysis occurs and the host cell bursts, releasing new viruses.
What is the difference between passive and active immunity?
Passive: Antibodies are given to you by your mother through breast milk.
Active: Immunity that results from YOU producing the antibodies (against an invaders antigens)
Name at least 4 differences between plants and fungi.
Plants - Roots, autotrophs, one nucleus per cell, cellulose in cell walls, reproduce by seeds
Fungi - No roots, heterotrophs, many nuclei per cell, chitin in cell walls, reproduce by spores
What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Also, give an example of each.
Prokaryotic - simple, no membrane bound orangelles such as the nucleus (Ex. Bacteria)
Eukaryotic - complex, membrane bound organelles (Ex. Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protista)