Diversity
This word refers to our classification system of all organisms
taxonomy (accept binomial nomenclature)
The fundamental requirement for any evolutionary process to occur
It's the site of diffusion of gases and nutrients in the circulatory system
capillaries
Identify 3 key differences between mitosis and meiosis
- meiosis is missing a stage of interphase
- meiosis creates 4 daughter cells
- meiosis produces genetic variety
- meiosis occurs only in gametes
The plant phylum that grows low to the ground and lacks xylem and phloem
non-vascular plants
This phylum contains insects, lobsters and crabs
Arthropoda
These types of structures have no common ancestor, but share a common function, due to convergent evolution. Example: A humans hand and a lobsters claw.
Analogous features
Explain why leaving a salty cracker in your mouth long enough will cause it to taste sweet
amylase breaks down the carbohydrates of the cracker into simple sugars like glucose, fructose...etc.
This disorder can be diagnosed using a karyotype, and involves monosomy of the X chromosome
Turner Syndrome
guard cells; stomata
These structures help us classify amoeba as sarcodines (AKA - false foot)
pseudopods
Under good living conditions, what is the driving force behind the evolution of animals who cannot self-replicate
sexual selection
This is the largest blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood.
The Vena Cava
This process involves the variation and separation of maternal and paternal chromosomes to either side of the cell in Anaphase I of meiosis.
Random (independent) assortment
If you observe scattered vascular bundles in the cross section of a stem, you are looking at this type of plant
Monocot
It's the phylum and symmetry of jellyfish (need both)
cnidarians / radial symmetry
In giraffes , short necks lead to an inability to reach leaves on trees, but necks that are too long can't support the giraffes head.... what type of selection will this lead to?
Stabilizing selection
A non-smoker is having difficulty fully exhaling all the air in their lungs. Identify what reading on a spirometer graph would be lower than normal, and what respiratory organ may be at fault.
Explain why some traits are always inherited together regardless of crossing over or genetic diversity
gene-linkage: certain genes sit too close together on the chromosome to be separated during the formation of recombinants
A plant appears to have difficulty growing despite ideal conditions. It appears there is a mutation within its genome that prevents the production of a specific substance. What is not being produced?
auxin hormone
It's the class of organism that is multicellular, heterotrophic, motile, bilaterally symmetrical, viviparous, and placental.
mammalia
Outline the full extent of what happened to the peppered moths during the industrial revolution. Mention the sequence of events, as well as the type of selection that occured.
- black moths were rare while white moths were common
- smog and pollutants covered the birch trees, turning them dark.
- darker bark provided camouflage for black moths and made them harder to find for predators.
- White moths were easily eaten and had reduced fitness.
black moths became more common due to natural selection
- directional selection
x
In tacos, hard shells (H) are dominant to soft shells (h), and guacamole (G) is dominant to salsa (g). On Taco Tuesday, two tacos (both HhGg) are crossed... if you eat 16 of their baby tacos, how many should have soft shells and guacamole?
3
Outline in detail the process by which a large tree is able to move water from the roots up several meters to the leaves. Mention the properties of water, the correct terminology, and the name of this process
Transpiration ensures that water is able to move from the roots up into the plant leaves regardless of plant height.
Root cells pull water actively into the shoot of the plant and build pressure from the base upwards. The water is carried through the xylem via cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion ensures water molecules above pull water from below, while adhesion allows water to stick to the xylem walls and defy gravity. At the leaves, stomata open to allow water to evaporate - further pulling lower water upwards