Respiratory System
This flap of cartilage prevents food from entering the trachea
What is the epiglottis
Blood cells responsible for oxygen transport
What are red blood cells (RBCs)
The type of digestion that physically breaks food into smaller pieces
What is mechanical digestion
The control center of the cell that contains DNA
What is the nucleus
The main muscle that controls breathing
What is the diaphragm
These tiny air sacs are where gas exchange occurs in the lungs
What is an alveolus
Blood cells that help fight infection
What are white blood cells (WBCs)
The movement of food through the digestive tract by muscle contractions
What is peristalsis
The organelle responsible for protein synthesis
What is a ribosome
The major contributor to the control of breathing
What is the medulla oblongata (brainstem)
Small branching airways that connect bronchi to alveoli
What is bronchiole
Cell fragments that help blood clot
What are platelets
The organ where most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur
What is the small intestine
The organelle that produces energy for the cell
What is the mitochondria
A circulatory system where blood is always contained within vessels
What is a closed circulatory system
The tube that carries air from the pharynx to the lungs
What is the trachea
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
What are arteries
Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption
What are villi
The movement of water across a membrane from high to low concentration
What is osmosis
The wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart
What is the septum
Explain how inhalation and exhalation occur
What is during inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves down, increasing chest volume and drawing air out. During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, chest volume decreases, and air is pushed out
Name and describe the three main types of blood vessels
What are arteries that carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood toward the heart, and capillaries allow exchange of gases and nutrients
State the functions of the stomach, small intestine, and the large intestine
What is the stomach breaks down food chemically and mechanically, the small intestine absorbs nutrients, and the large intestine absorbs water and forms faces
Explain why mitochondria are especially important in muscle cells
What is Muscle cells need large amounts of energy for contraction, which mitochondria supply through cellular respiration
These structures prevent heart valves from flipping backward
What are the chord tendineae