Feedback loops
What is the term for a system that amplifies a response to a stimulus?
Positive feedback loop
What is the basic unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
This organ filters blood to produce urine.
Kidney
There are two main types of hormones.
Steroid and Protein
This process involves maintaining a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis
This feedback loop helps maintain body temperature by sweating or shivering.
Negative feedback loop
Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What gland is known as the master gland, why? what is it connected to?
The pituitary gland, it controls many other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus
Name the fluid that surrounds cells and helps transport nutrients and waste.
interstitial fluid
Name a hormone involved in a positive feedback loop during childbirth.
oxytocin
These cells provide support and insulation for neurons
gilial cells
This hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
ADH
Which hormone is released first in the menstrual cycle, estrogen or progesterone?
estrogen
What is the site of follicle maturation?
ovaries
This organ detects high blood sugar levels and releases insulin.
pancreas
Describe the pathway of a reflex arc.
sensory neuron -> interneuron -> motor neuron
Name the structure that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.
Ureter
Which hormone type is fat soluble? how do you know/what makes it fat soluble?
Steroid Hormones are fat soluble, this is because they are made from cholesterol and have a complex ring stucture
what component is fight or flight? what does it do? how does it work?
Fight or flight: sympathetic component that prepares body for stress. Diverts blood from the internal organs to the skeletal muscles heart and brain
Explain how blood clotting is an example of a positive feedback loop.
Blood clotting is an example of a positive feedback loop because it amplifies the response to vessel injury until the wound is sealed. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets adhere to the exposed site and release chemical signals, which attract more platelets to the area. These additional platelets, in turn, release more signals, creating a cascade that rapidly amplifies platelet aggregation. This process continues until a stable fibrin clot forms, effectively sealing the wound. The feedback loop is self-limiting, stopping once the injury is covered and no more exposed tissue triggers the response.
During Resting/Repolarized State, which ion (Na+/K+) is concentrated inside the cell
Na+
Description of process: Bowman's Capsule
The bowman's capsule contracts around a network of capillaries, to filter waste from the blood
Why is progesterone vital in the corpus lutuem?
To maintain the mature egg and ensure its survival. The uterus lining is at its highest, indicating it has sufficient amount of nutrient to nourish the fertilized egg
Why is urine yellow?
Depending on the ADH levels in your blood stream and how dehydrated you are determines the color of your pee. This is because ADH determines how much waste water will be in your urine