Muscles 1
What is the major function of a muscle?
To contract/shorten
What types of muscles are involuntary?
Cardiac and Smooth
What type of muscles are voluntary?
Skeletal
What types of muscles are uninucleate?
Smooth and Cardiac
What type of muscles are multinucleated?
Skeletal
What muscle types have striations?
Skeletal and Cardiac
What type of muscle has NO striations?
Smooth
Where are the following types of muscles located?
- Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth
Skeletal: bones
Cardiac: heart
Smooth: hollow organs and arteries
What is the function of tendons?
Connect muscle to bone
What happens to muscles when they are exercised vigorously as in weight lifting?
Builds Mass
When sodium ions rush into the cell, calcium ions are released and cause ??? and ??? to slide past each other. This causes the contraction unit ??? to contract.
Actin & myosin; sarcomere
What happens to muscles when they are exercised regularly?
Tones & strengthens
Acetylcholine changes the permeability of the cell membrane ??? and allows ??? ions to come into the cell.
Sarcolemma; Sodium
What is the effect of aging on skeletal muscles?
Loss of mass (atrophy), Stringy, Harden, Leathery
All skeletal muscles are stimulated by motor ?? which releases a neurotransmitter called ??
neurons; acetylcholine
What type of contraction helps build muscle (bulk up)?
Isotonic
What type of contraction helps tone your body (stretching)?
Isometric
Name THREE important roles that the muscular system plays in the body.
Heat, Movement, Joint Stability, and Maintaining Posture
Skeletal Muscles are attached at two points. Name each of these attachment points and indicate which is movable and which is non movable.
Origin - non movable
Insertion - movable
Winding up for a pitch -- ??
Moving your arm from the side of your body away from your body -- ??
Circumduction; abduction
Turning your head is -- ??
Squeezing a pencil between your knees is -- ??
Walking on your toes is -- ??
Rotation; adduction ; plantar flexion
If blue litmus paper is pressed against the cut surface of a fatigued muscle, it changes color to red which indicates a low pH or acid condition. No such change happens when blue litmus paper is pressed to the cut surface of a rested non fatigued muscle. Explain.
Fatigued muscle - is oxygen deprived and has produced lactic acid
Non Fatigued muscle - is not oxygen deprived therefore has not produced lactic acid
Name FOUR criteria used as a basis for naming skeletal muscles.
# of origins, Fiber directions, Location, Action, Shape, Size, or Origin & Insertion
Name THREE muscles and explain why they are named the way they are.
For Example:
Deltoid - shape
Rectus abdominis - fibers up & down, abdomen
Placing your chin on your chest does this to your neck -- ??
Straightening your arm is this -- ??
When a muscle cell contracts and doesn't relax -- ??
Flexion; Extension; Tetany (Tetanus)