Definitions
What is nutrition?
A) Energy
B) The study of food and nourishment
C) The study of healthy eating
D) All of the above
B) The study of food and nourishment
(Slide 2)
What is protein required for?
Vital component of every living cell and required for all body structures (genes, enzymes, muscles, bone matrix, skin, blood).
(Slide 14)
What are the three main physiologic and physical factors affecting nutrition?
Stage of development
Stage of health
Medications
What is a clear liquid diet and examples of what would be allowed?
Liquids or foods that become fluid at body temperature.
EX: clear broth, coffee, tea, clear fruit juices, gelatin, popiscles
What are essential nutrients?
Not synthesized in the body or are made in insufficient amounts.
MUST be provided in the diet or through supplements.
(Slide 3)
What is the Total Daily Energy Expenditure?
A) All of the calories used in all aspects of daily life
B) Total number of calories used
C) Amount of food needed per day
D) Carbohydrates, protein, and fats
A) All of the calories used in all aspects of daily life
(Slide 6)
What are minerals?
Organic elements found in all body fluids and tissues in the form of salts or combined with organic compounds.
(Slide 21)
Long-term use of alcohol or alcohol use disorder requires replacement of what vitamin?
Vitamin B (Thiamine)
(Slide 28)
What is a full liquid diet and examples of what would be allowed?
Contains liquids that can be poured at room temperature.
EX: all clear liquids plus milk, milk drinks, puddings, custards, vegetable juices
What is a 24-hour recall?
What the patient normally consumes (food and beverages) during an average day.
(slide 37)
What is BMR?
A) Bare Minimum Requirement
B) Basal Metabolic Rate
C) Better Matter Requirements
D) Basic Metabolic Requirements
B) Basal Metabolic Rate
(Slide 7)
Fats are absorbed into the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ circulation and transported to the _ _ _ _ _.
Lymphatic; Liver
(Slide 18)
What are 3 chronic disorders that would affect nutritional requirements?
(1) Diabetes
(2) Renal disease
(3) HTN
(4) Heart disease
(5) GI disorders
(6) Cancer
(Slide 27)
What is a renal diet?
Used to reduced workload on kidneys to delay or prevent further damage. Used to control accumulation of uremic toxins. Protein, sodium, potassium, and fluid restrictions may be in place.
(Slide 41)
Regarding nutrition, what are nursing interventions that can be implemented? List 4.
Teaching nutritional information, monitoring nutritional status, stimulating appetite, assisting with eating, providing oral nutrition, providing long-term nutritional support.
(Slide 40)
What is Parenteral Nutrition?
Highly concentrated, hypertonic nutrient solution that amino acids, carbs, and lipids.
(Slide 43)
What do each of the vitamins do? Pick 2.
Vitamin A - ?
Vitamin D - ?
Vitamin E - ?
Vitamin K - ?
A - affects visual acuity, skin, mucous membranes, immune function
D - provides calcium and phosphorous metabolism; stimulates calcium absorption
E - An antioxidant that protects Vitamin A
K - helps the synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting
(Slide 20)
Mormons, Hindu, and Orthodox Jewish patients have specific restrictions. What are they?
Mormons - do not use coffee, tea, or alcohol
Hindu - Mostly vegetarian
Orthodox Jewish - Kosher diet, no pork or shellfish
(Slide 32)
Mechanically altered diets exclude what items? List all five.
(2) Fruits.
(3) Seeds.
(4) Nuts.
(5) Dried Fruits.
(Slide 42)
Regarding TPN, what is refeeding syndrome?
Life threatening complication related to overfeeding CHOs in nutritionally debilitated patients.
(Slide 44)
Which of the following vitamins are water soluble (2) and which are fat soluble (4)?
Vitamin A, B, C, D, E, K.
Water (2) - B, C
Fat (4) - A, D, E, K
(Slide 19)
Which statements are true regarding carbohydrates? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
A) More easily digested than protein and fat
B) Recommended as 30 to 40% of total calories
C) Known as sugars
D) Primary function is to supply energy
A) More easily digested than protein and fat
C) Known as sugars
D) Primary function is to supply energy
(Slide 11 and 12)
What are six sociocultural factors that affect nutritional intake?
Language barriers, knowledge of nutrition, literacy, lack of caregiver, lack of social support, social isolation, lack of inadequate cooking and/or food preparation arrangements, economic stability
What does PN stand for and what does it provide?
PN - Parenteral Nutrition
Provide - (1) calories; (2) restore nitrogen balance; (3) replaces essential fluids, vitamins, electrolytes, minerals, and trace elements
(Slide 43)
What are complications of TPN? List 5.
Line insertion problems, infection (sepsis), metabolic alterations (hyper or hypoglycemia), imbalances, hyperlipidemia, liver disease, gallbladder disease, refeeding syndrome
(Slide 44)