Schemas
What is a schema?
A cognitive structure that helps us organize and interpret information based on prior knowledge.
What is a memory?
cognitive process- used to store, encode, and retrieve information
Can Memory be distorted by schemas?
Yes
Did Curious George have a tail?
"No"
This study involved participants being led to believe this childhood event had happened to them
Being lost in a shopping mall
How do schemas help us remember things?
By organizing information and filling in gaps based on what we already know
Are our memories complete?
No, they are often incomplete
What is reconstructive memory?
The process of remembering past events based on influence, assumptions, and expectations
Does the Monopoly Man have a Monocle?
No
Bartlett emphasized that memory is influenced by this factor, challenging individual views of remembering
Social and cultural context
What is the role of schemas in the Mandela Effect?
Shared schemas can lead many people to remember the same false details- creating a collective false memory
Is a confidant memory accurate?
No, confidence in a memory does not necessarily relate to its accuracy. People can feel very certain about memories that are completely inaccurate
What is the difference between a memory and an inference?
Memory is a stored recollection of information, while an inference is an assumption we make
Is it Looney Toons of Looney Tunes?
Looney Tunes
Bartlett’s work suggests that errors in eyewitness testimony occur because memory is what kind of process
Reconstructive
How are schemas and inferences related?
Schemas help us to assume our memories our when we recall or interpret information
We reconstruct memories based on
Past knowledge
Cultural Expectations
Beliefs
How does language influence memory?
By shaping how we recall events
Was Pikachu's Tail Yellow and Black or Yellow
Yellow
Based off Johnson (1973) Demonstrating that errors in memory can occur because people confuse statements with
Inferences
Schemas guide what inferences feel ______
“natural”
When we played The Schema Distortion Game- there was a picture in the kitchen, were there only women in the photo?
No, there was a man in the back..washing dishes
How can everyday assumptions or prior knowledge change what we remember?
Schemas can change what we remember by guiding the reconstruction of our memory
Is his name Smokey Bear or Smokey the Bear
Smokey Bear
Who Hosts Jeopardy??
Ken Jennings