Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia 1

100

TRUE OR FALSE

The Developmental Model of Cannabis as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia focuses on early initiation and persistence of cannabis use

TRUE

200

Children with prodromal features have a __% chance of developing schizophrenia within the next __ years?

A) 30-40%, 3 years

B) 30-40%, 2 years

C) 50%, 2 years

D) 40-50%, 3 years

B

300

Select all that apply:

Significant predictors of schizophrenia include...

A) Anhedonia

B) Recent deterioration in functioning

C) History of substance abuse

D) Hypersomnia/insomnia

B and C

400

How do exocannabinoids lead to psychosis?

Exogenous cannabinoids (THC) bind to cannabinoid receptors and inhibit release of GABA and glutamate within the hippocampus

Long-term cannabis use, especially in adolescence, can cause: downregulation of cannabinoid receptors

Inhibition of the synaptic changes that are required for the formation and consolidation of memories

When the brain gets too much, it downregulates the receptors and kills them off; which changes how your brain works

Schizophrenia 2

100

What are the three categories of symptoms for schizophrenia?

Positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms

200

Alogia falls under the category of ___ symptoms, and describes what?

A) Positive symptoms, rapid movements

B) Negative symptoms, slowed movements

C) Negative symptoms, poverty of speech

D) Positive symptoms, incomprehensible speech

Poverty of speech

Predicts poor functioning even more strongly than positive symptoms

300

GABA is to __ as glutamate is to ___

A) Safety, risk taking

B) Risk taking, safety

C) Inhibition, excitatory
D) Excitatory, inhibition

C

400

Though IQ is steady, what did Meier et al (2012) find on the impact of cannabis on IQ?

Steady use led to -8 IQ points

IQ is steady, but it declines if you’re dependent on weed

Etiology

100

What is the typical age of onset of schizophrenia?

Early 20s

200

What environmental factors lead to schizophrenia?

• High expressed emotion: hostility, criticism, overinvolvement

• Childhood trauma (e.g., abuse)

• Acute stress: ~50% of schizophrenic patients had a severely stressful life event in the 3 months prior to onset

• Chronic stress: financial, family, etc.

300

What are some prenatal and obstetric insults that can lead to schizophrenia?

• Preeclampsia

• Fetal hypoxia

• Cannabis and nicotine exposure

• Viral infection

• Prenatal maternal stress

Treatment

100

The goal is CBTp is to...

A) Help family situations

B) Help social interactions

C) Reduce delusions and hallucinations

D) Reduce stress that comes from delusions

Goal is not to reduce symptoms but to reduce the stress that comes from the delusions

200

Blurred vision, dry mouth, confusion, constipation, urinary retention are all examples of what what types of AP side effects?

A) Anticholinergic effects

B) Adrenergic effects

C) Metabolic syndrome

A

300

What is cannabis' impact of medication nonadherence?

Medication non-adherence mediates the relation of cannabis use to increased risk of relapse: This means that cannabis use makes it more likely that people will not take their AP medication, which then makes it more likely that they will relapse.